“…Studies on network design (e.g., Fagerholt, 1999Fagerholt, , 2004Sambracos et al, 2004;Alvarez, 2009;Karlaftis et al, 2009;Brouer et al, 2011;Jepsen et al, 2011;Reinhardt and Pisinger, 2012) and empty container repositioning (e.g., Song and Dong, 2011;Song and Xu, 2012) have also examined the fixed container demand in liner shipping. Bell et al (2011), Wang andMeng (2012c) and Qi and Song (2012) have incorporated the uncertainty in the liner service schedules but not investigated the demand uncertainty.…”