Effectiveness of dog collars impregnated with 4% deltamethrin in controlling visceral leishmaniasis in Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidade: Phlebotominae) populations

Abstract

BACKGROUND There is little information on the effect of using deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars for the control of canine visceral leishmaniasis.OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of 4% deltamethrin-impregnated collars (Scalibor®) in controlling visceral leishmaniasis in Lutzomyia longipalpis by comparing populations in intervention and non-intervention areas.METHODS Phlebotomine flies were captured over 30 months in four neighbourhoods with intense visceral leishmaniasis transmission in Fortaleza and Montes Claros. We calculated the rates of domicile infestation, relative abundance of Lu. longipalpis, and Lu. longipalpis distribution in each site, capture location (intra- and peridomestic locations) and area (intervention and non-intervention areas).FINDINGS In the control area in Fortaleza, the relative abundance of Lu. longipalpis was 415 specimens at each capture site, whereas in the intervention area it was 159.25; in Montes Claros, the relative abundance was 5,660 specimens per capture site in the control area, whereas in the intervention area it was 2,499.4. The use of dog collars was associated with a reduction in captured insects of 15% (p = 0.004) and 60% (p < 0.001) in Montes Claros and Fortaleza, respectively.MAIN CONCLUSIONS We observed a lower vector abundance in the intervention areas, suggesting an effect of the insecticide-impregnated collars.

Canine serological survey and dog culling ant its relationship with Human ­Visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic urban area.

“…The use of insecticide-impregnated collars has been recommended as the most effective measure among those cited above [43,[53][54][55]. Silva et al [56] demonstrated a reduction of 15% (p = 0.004) in Montes Claros, MG, Brazil, and 60% (p <0.001) in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, in the vector population of captured.…”

­Visceral leishmaniasis and control measures in an endemic urban area: space-temporal bayesian analysis

“…The use of insecticide-impregnated collars has been recommended as the most effective measure among those cited above [37,[47][48][49]. Silva et al [50] demonstrated a reduction of 15% (p = 0.004) in Montes Claros, MG, Brazil, and 60% (p <0.001) in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, in the vector population of captured. Kazimoto et al [51] observed that there was a 53-59% reduction in the VL incidence in dogs resulting from the use of these collars.…”

“…In addition, the collars must be changed every six months and replaced when lost. As a result, the authors warn of their high cost when used on a large scale [50,52,53].…”

Significant reduction in abundance of peridomestic mosquitoes (Culicidae) and Culicoides midges (Ceratopogonidae) after chemical intervention in western São Paulo, Brazil

“…The recommended VL control options in Brazil include the reactive application of insecticides in houses and animal sheds to reduce vector numbers, the euthanasia of seropositive domestic dogs, the diagnosis and treatment of human cases, and public education [ 15 , 16 ]. However, despite the efforts of the Ministry of Health, the burden (calculated from the mortality, morbidity, and disability) of VL in Brazil more than doubled between 1990 and 2016 [ 17 ].…”