Effectiveness of levonorgestrel emergency contraception given before or after ovulation — a pilot study

Novikova, Natalia; Weisberg, Edith; Stanczyk, Frank Z.; Croxatto, Horacio B.; Fraser, Ian S.

doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2006.08.015

Cited by 148 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Because LNG-EC pills inhibit ovulation by a different mechanism than that characterising combined hormonal contraceptives, it is possible that the claim that the LNG-EC pills act by inhibiting ovulation like other contraceptives has not been considered a fully correct answer by some clinicians, causing some misunderstanding. Nonetheless the answers chosen by most of these professionals are inconsistent with the literature [16][17][18][19] . Their responses may be partly explained by an incomplete update, but confounding messages regarding the mechanism of action of LNG-EC pills released for years in Italy may also be a factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Availability of emergency contraception: A survey of hospital emergency department gynaecologists and emergency physicians in Piedmont, Italy

Casagranda

Charrier

et al. 2012

The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health

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Objectives To compare the knowledge and the willingness of emergency physicians and gynaecologists caring for women in Italian emergency departments (EDs) to prescribe levonorgestrel-only emergency contraceptive pills (LNG-EC pills).Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2009; anonymous postal questionnaires were mailed to the medical staff working at the 30 EDs located in Piedmont (Italy).Results Emergency physicians and gynaecologists have similar knowledge of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of LNG-EC pills, but do not feel at ease in prescribing these and consider the prescription of LNG-EC pills an inappropriate activity for ED staff.Conclusions In Italy, unlike in most other European countries, LNG-EC pills are still prescription drugs. Thus it may be useful to further investigate the reasons why Italian ED medical staff do not feel the prescription of LNG-EC pills should be within their remit and whether women can successfully obtain the prescription from physicians working in other services that can be accessed around the clock.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Availability of emergency contraception: A survey of hospital emergency department gynaecologists and emergency physicians in Piedmont, Italy

Casagranda

Charrier

et al. 2012

The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health

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“…En el primer caso, el análisis mostró que la tasa de pobreza comunal (de acuerdo a la Encuesta de Caracterización Social, CASEN, vigente en cada período), y las tasas de médicos, consultas médicas y centros de APS, se asocian inversamente a la tasa de consultas por AE (nivel de confianza entre 90% y 99%, según el modelo); en tanto, la escolaridad comunal promedio, la cobertura de salud municipal, el gasto en salud por inscrito en APS, el porcentaje de gasto en recursos humanos de la APS y las regiones IX, 10.000 registrados; *significativo al 10% (p < 0,1); **significativo al 5% (p < 0,05); ***significativo al 1% (p < 0,01). saPu: servicio de atención primaria de urgencia.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…El último consiste en la toma de píldoras anticonceptivas comunes que contengan etinilestradiol y levonorgestrel. La evidencia sugiere fuertemente que su mecanismo de acción es el retraso de la ovulación [6][7][8][9][10] . Se ha demostrado que el uso de levonorgestrel no tiene efectos post-ovulatorios en la función espermática 11 , fertilización 12 ni receptividad endometrial 4,[12][13][14][15] .…”

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Perfil sociodemográfico y factores asociados a consultas por anticoncepción de emergencia

Lavanderos¹,

Riquelme

Haase

et al. 2016

Rev. méd. Chile

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“…De estos 22 artículos, publicados entre 1995 y el 2010, diez estuvieron diseñados para medir el efecto sobre la ovulación (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) , doce el efecto sobre el endometrio (9,12,13,(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) y tres el efecto sobre los espermatozoides (27)(28)(29) . De estos estudios, nueve correspondían a ensayos clínicos (8,9,14,15,18,19,23,24,27) , ocho a estudios cuasi-experimentales (10)(11)(12)(13)16,25,26,29) , tres a estudios observacionales (17,22,28) y dos a estudios in vitro (20,21) .…”

Section: Artículos Seleccionados Para El Análisisunclassified

“…De estos estudios, nueve correspondían a ensayos clínicos (8,9,14,15,18,19,23,24,27) , ocho a estudios cuasi-experimentales (10)(11)(12)(13)16,25,26,29) , tres a estudios observacionales (17,22,28) y dos a estudios in vitro (20,21) . Tres estudios fueron hechos en animales (los tres correspondientes a diseños cuasiexperimentales (13,16,25) ) y el resto en humanos.…”

Section: Artículos Seleccionados Para El Análisisunclassified

Efecto del levonorgestrel como anticonceptivo oral de emergencia en la ovulación, el endometrio y los espermatozoides

Suárez¹,

Zavala²,

Ureta³

et al. 2010

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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RESUMENExiste amplia controversia acerca del mecanismo de acción del levonorgestrel como anticonceptivo oral de emergencia; numerosas organizaciones, tanto científicas como de la sociedad civil, muestran su disconformidad con su uso, debido a su posible acción como inductor de aborto. Con el objetivo de evaluar la evidencia científica disponible sobre los mecanismos de acción del levonorgestrel utilizado como anticonceptivo oral de emergencia (AOE), se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos Medline y Cochrane Library donde se encontró 444 artículos; después de revisar los resúmenes, se seleccionó 22 artículos, los cuales fueron evaluados a texto completo. Se encontró que el principal mecanismo de acción del levonorgestrel, a las dosis recomendadas como AOE, es la inhibición o retraso de la ovulación; no afecta a los espermatozoides en su capacidad de migración ni de penetración al óvulo. No se ha demostrado alteraciones morfológicas ni moleculares en el endometrio que puedan interferir con la implantación del huevo fecundado. No existe evidencia científica actual disponible que sustente que el uso de levonorgestrel como AOE sea abortivo.Palabras clave: Anticoncepción postcoital; Levonorgestrel; Endometrio; Ovulación; Espermatozoides (fuente: DeCS BIREME). EFFECT OF LEVONORGESTREL IN THE OVULATION, ENDOMETRIUM, AND SPERMATOZOA FOR EMERGENCY ORAL CONTRACEPTION ABSTRACTThere is wide controversy about the mechanism of action of the levonorgestrel used for emergency oral contraception, and many organizations, both scientific as well as from the civil society, show their discrepancy with its use, due to its possible action as an abortion-inducer. In order to evaluate the scientific evidence available on the mechanisms of action of the levonorgestrel used for emergency oral contraception (EOC), a systematic revision was performed in the Medline and Cochrane library databases. We found 444 articles. After reviewing the abstracts, we selected 22 articles, whose complete texts were evaluated. We found that the main mechanism of action of the levonorgestrel, given at the doses recommended for EOC, is the inhibition or retardation of the ovulation, it doesn't affect the spermatozoa in their migration or egg-penetration capacities. No morphological or molecular alterations in the endometrium that could interfere with the implantation of the fertilized egg have been demonstrated. There is no actual scientific evidence available supporting that the use of levonorgestrel for EOC is abortive.

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Effectiveness of levonorgestrel emergency contraception given before or after ovulation — a pilot study

Cited by 148 publications

References 26 publications

Availability of emergency contraception: A survey of hospital emergency department gynaecologists and emergency physicians in Piedmont, Italy

Availability of emergency contraception: A survey of hospital emergency department gynaecologists and emergency physicians in Piedmont, Italy

Perfil sociodemográfico y factores asociados a consultas por anticoncepción de emergencia

Efecto del levonorgestrel como anticonceptivo oral de emergencia en la ovulación, el endometrio y los espermatozoides

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