“…A peak at 2,922 cm -1 was observed, which was assigned to the stretching C-H mode ( Qambrani et al, 2022 ). Additionally, the FTIR spectrum showed the presence of stretching C=O modes at 1636 cm -1 ( Feng et al, 2022 ). Furthermore, a peak at 1384 cm -1 was identified, corresponding to the C-O and N-O stretching in the carbohydrate, which may have resulted from dehydration during pyrolysis ( Jalali et al, 2021 ).…”