Effectiveness of Silver Nanoparticles Botanically and Chemically Synthesized as well as Chitosan against Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica in Vitro

Abstract

The bioassay of some Silver nanoparticles AgNP synthesized botanically against Meloidogyne javanica J2. was conducted. All materials were prepared and evaluated at the concentrations of 100, 50, 25 and 12.5µl/50 ml of nematode suspension. Mortalities% of M. javanica J2 were recorded after 96 hrs. The obtained data explained the increasing of Meloidogyne javanica J2 with the increasing of the material concentrations. AgNP prepared by oleander extract gave mortality of M. javanica J2 ranged between 37.1and 93.25% with the low and high concentrations. The LC50 was 15.31µl/50 ml. Nanoparticles of silver by chamomile cause 34.30 and 91.33% mortality of 2 nd nematode juvenile with the low and high concentrations. The LC50 was 18.72µl/50 ml. The Ag NP synthesized by thyme cause 14.3 and 91.0% mortality of M. javanica J2 with the low and high concentrations, respectively. LC50 was 37.71µl/50 ml. The formulation of AgNP by ginger gave mortality of 52.0 and 92.0%. LC50 was 11.11. Silver nanoparticles formulated by jojoba surpassed other botanical formulation causing 59.55 and 95.84% mortality with the low and high concentrations, respectively and the LC50 was 10.24µl/50ml. Chemical preparation of AgNP cause mortality of 40.8 and 82.0% at low and high concentrations. The LC50 was 18.88. The effectiveness of chitosan at the low molecular weight at the concentrations of 100, 50, 25 and 12.5µl/50ml was tested revealing that at low and high concentrations the mortality ranged between 72.34 and 96.8 %, respectively. The estimated LC50 was 5.16µl/50 ml. These results explain the superiority of chitosan over other materials.