Effects of 3-butenyl isothiocyanate on phenotypically different prostate cancer cells

Abstract

Isothiocyanates (ITCs) have gained increasing attention since they have been attributed the merits for the potential beneficial effects of cruciferous vegetable dietary consumption on cancer. The aim of the present study was to determine the cytotoxic effects of 3-butenyl ITC (3-BI) on prostate cancer (PC) cells under in vitro conditions. Two androgen-insensitive human PC cell lines, PC-3 and DU145, were assayed. Cells were cultured in the presence of increasing concentrations of 3-BI (5, 10, 30 and 50 µM) in the absence or presence of the chemotherapeutic drug docetaxel (DOCE) (1 and 2 nM). The cytotoxic effects of these compounds were analyzed using the trypan blue exclusion assay at 24, 48 and 72 h. Apoptosis and migration assays were also performed. The results showed that 3-BI induced a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on PC-3 cells at 24, 48 and 72 h. These effects were significantly higher than those found with DOCE at 72 h of culture. Moreover, 3-BI also potentiated the effects of DOCE in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, 3-BI showed inhibition of the migration of PC-3 cells. Nevertheless, 3-BI was not effective in the DU145 PC cell line. These results show a promising role for the 3-BI compound as a co-adjuvant agent in DOCE-based therapy in certain types of PC.

3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones as Antagonists of the Human A2B Adenosine Receptor: Optimization, Structure–Activity Relationship Studies, and Enantiospecific Recognition

“…Both compounds were tested (10 and 100 μM) following described protocols (MTT assays) using cisplatin as the control. 76,77 These experiments unequivocally confirmed that (±)-38 or (±)-47 do not exhibit a cytotoxic effect at the tested concentrations. The transwell migration assay 78 was used as a marker of A 2B AR antimetastatic activity.…”

“…To rule out the potential cytotoxic effect of (±)- 38 or (±)- 47 in LNCaP, PC-3, and DU145, the cell growth inhibitory activity of these ligands was preliminarily evaluated. Both compounds were tested (10 and 100 μM) following described protocols (MTT assays) using cisplatin as the control. , These experiments unequivocally confirmed that (±)- 38 or (±)- 47 do not exhibit a cytotoxic effect at the tested concentrations. The transwell migration assay was used as a marker of A 2B AR antimetastatic activity.…”

Assessing the Fate and Bioavailability of Glucosinolates in Kale (Brassica oleracea) Using Simulated Human Digestion and Caco-2 Cell Uptake Models

“…Glucosinolate hydrolysis products are primarily responsible for the anticarcinogenic activity associated with consuming Brassica vegetables. These low-molecular weight compounds are able to rapidly diffuse into the cells of the intestinal epitheilium and modulate the expression of genes important to chemoprevention (e.g., those associated with xenobiotic metabolism, antioxidation, cell cycle regulation, apoptotic pathways, and stress response). − Understanding the formation and disposition of glucosinolate hydrolysis products in the gut is key for understanding the bioactive potential of Brassica foods. In general, levels of glucosinolate hydrolysis products are lower in undamaged fresh Brassica as compared to Brassica with insect and/or physical damage as damage allows glucosinolates contact with myrosinase.…”

Improvement of glucosinolates by metabolic engineering in Brassica crops

“…The most attractive biological function of GSLs and their breakdown products is their anti-cancer activity (Sundaram et al 2021). The hydrolysis products of GSLs have been recognized to reduce the risk of various cancers, particularly ITCs that are reported to be potent anticarcinogenic compounds in lung, colorectal, breast, prostate, and other cancers both in vitro and in vivo (Gao et al 2018;Huang et al 2018;Lubecka et al 2018;Nú ñ ez-Iglesias et al 2018;Zhou et al 2019 (Myzak et al 2004), and diminished the formation of mammary tumors in rats exposed to 17b-estradiol (Palliyaguru et al 2020). Besides sulforaphane, other ITCs, including phenethyl ITC, benzyl ITC, allyl ITC, and indole-3-carbinol were also reported to inhibit cancer progression through multiple potential mechanisms, such as modulation of epigenome (Sundaram et al 2021).…”