Effects of 4 Hand-Drying Methods for Removing Bacteria From Washed Hands: A Randomized Trial

Gustafson, Daniel R.; Vetter, Emily A.; Larson, Dirk R.; Ilstrup, Duane M.; Maker, Myron D.; Thompson, Rodney L.; Cockerill, Franklin R.

doi:10.4065/75.7.705

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Gustafson et al 46 examined the hygiene performance of paper towels, cloth towels, hot air dryers, and spontaneous evaporation. The study compared the difference between the amount of bacteria on the hands after drying by 4 methods.…”

Section: Removal Of Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hygienic Efficacy of Different Hand-Drying Methods: A Review of the Evidence

Huang

Stack³

2012

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

114

112

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The transmission of bacteria is more likely to occur from wet skin than from dry skin; therefore, the proper drying of hands after washing should be an integral part of the hand hygiene process in health care. This article systematically reviews the research on the hygienic efficacy of different hand-drying methods. A literature search was conducted in April 2011 using the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Search terms used were hand dryer and hand drying. The search was limited to articles published in English from January 1970 through March 2011. Twelve studies were included in the review. Hand-drying effectiveness includes the speed of drying, degree of dryness, effective removal of bacteria, and prevention of cross-contamination. This review found little agreement regarding the relative effectiveness of electric air dryers. However, most studies suggest that paper towels can dry hands efficiently, remove bacteria effectively, and cause less contamination of the washroom environment. From a hygiene viewpoint, paper towels are superior to electric air dryers. Paper towels should be recommended in locations where hygiene is paramount, such as hospitals and clinics.

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Section: Removal Of Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hygienic Efficacy of Different Hand-Drying Methods: A Review of the Evidence

Huang

Stack³

2012

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

114

112

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“…After rinsing, dry the hands thoroughly. Currently, there are conflicting studies regarding a superior method of hand drying when considering single-use paper towels, cloth towels, forced-air dryers, and spontaneous evaporation,17,25 but some methods are more practical than others. Single-use paper towels are the most appropriate sanitary product to use, but the cost and environmental impact make them less appropriate for home use than cloth hand towels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact lens care tips for patients: an optometrist’s perspective

Lievens¹,

Cilimberg²,

Moore³

2017

OPTO

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Contact lens (CL) wear has been a viable alternative to spectacle wear for several decades. The interest and desire to wear CLs have been stable in recent years, evidenced by the consistency of new wearers into this category of refractive correction. CLs have become one of the most commonly used medical devices in the market, with more than 40 million wearers in the US. There are many activities in which patients report a preference of CL wear over spectacles (athletics for example). Nearly all patients (even presbyopic patients) have the option of contact lenses today given the expansion of powers and parameters in recent years. Patients eyes are getting dryer as factors of age and the environment. CL materials have improved in recent years in an attempt to meet the challenges of dryer eyes. Despite the improvements in CLs and their care, challenges persist. Patient education, handwashing, compliance with care, and wearing schedule are some of the challenges that providers face in the care of CL patients even today.

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“…To our knowledge only one evaluation exists which included air drying as a possible hand drying method. This evaluation, which took place amongst volunteer participants willing to have hands artificially inoculated with Micrococcus luteus , compared the effectiveness of four hand drying methods (air drying or evaporation, warm air dryers, cloth towels, or paper towels); evaluation results revealed no significant difference between the number of M. luteus colony forming units on hands and the method of hand drying used [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Qualitative Evaluation of Hand Drying Practices among Kenyans

et al. 2013

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BackgroundRecommended disease prevention behaviors of hand washing, hygienic hand drying, and covering one’s mouth and nose in a hygienic manner when coughing and sneezing appear to be simple behaviors but continue to be a challenge to successfully promote and sustain worldwide. We conducted a qualitative inquiry to better understand current hand drying behaviors associated with activities of daily living, and mouth and nose covering practices, among Kenyans.Methods and FindingsWe conducted 7 focus group discussions; 30 in-depth interviews; 10 structured household observations; and 75 structured observations in public venues in the urban area of Kisumu; rural communities surrounding Kisumu; and a peri-urban area outside Nairobi, Kenya. Using a grounded theory approach, we transcribed and coded the narrative data followed by thematic analysis of the emergent themes. Hand drying, specifically on a clean towel, was not a common practice among our participants. Most women dried their hands on their waist cloth, called a leso, or their clothes whether they were cooking, eating or cleaning the nose of a young child. If men dried their hands, they used their trousers or a handkerchief. Children rarely dried their hands; they usually just wiped them on their clothes, shook them, or left them wet as they continued with their activities. Many people sneezed into their hands and wiped them on their clothes. Men and women used a handkerchief fairly often when they had a runny nose, cold, or the flu. Most people coughed into the air or their hand.ConclusionsDrying hands on dirty clothes, rags and lesos can compromise the benefits of handwashing. Coughing and sneezing in to an open hand can contribute to spread of disease as well. Understanding these practices can inform health promotion activities and campaigns for the prevention and control of diarrheal disease and influenza.

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Effects of 4 Hand-Drying Methods for Removing Bacteria From Washed Hands: A Randomized Trial

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

The Hygienic Efficacy of Different Hand-Drying Methods: A Review of the Evidence

The Hygienic Efficacy of Different Hand-Drying Methods: A Review of the Evidence

Contact lens care tips for patients: an optometrist’s perspective

A Qualitative Evaluation of Hand Drying Practices among Kenyans

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Effects of 4 Hand-Drying Methods for Removing Bacteria From Washed Hands: A Randomized Trial

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

The Hygienic Efficacy of Different Hand-Drying Methods: A Review of the Evidence

The Hygienic Efficacy of Different Hand-Drying Methods: A Review of the Evidence

Contact lens care tips for patients: an optometrist&rsquo;s perspective

A Qualitative Evaluation of Hand Drying Practices among Kenyans

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Product

Resources

About

Contact lens care tips for patients: an optometrist’s perspective