Effects of a Chimeric Lysin against Planktonic and Sessile Enterococcus faecalis Hint at Potential Application in Endodontic Therapy

Li, Wuyou; Yang, Hang; Gong, Yujing; Wang, Shujuan; Li, Yuhong; Wei, Hongping

doi:10.3390/v10060290

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Generally, reports from recent years indicated a high biodiversity of bacteriophages specific for E. faecalis strains. Such reports can be exemplified by articles describing isolation and characterization of previously unknown phages of different properties [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ], genetic modification of known phages and their use in experimental phage therapy (including effects on biofilms) [ 46 , 47 ], assessment of phages in therapy using animal models [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ], and cloning of phage genes coding for specific lysins and characterization of the gene products in the light of killing E. faecalis cells [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Bacteriophage vB_EfaS-271 Infecting Enterococcus faecalis

Topka-Bielecka

Bloch

Nejman-Faleńczyk

et al. 2020

IJMS

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A newly isolated bacteriophage infecting Enterococcus faecalis strains has been characterized, including determination of its molecular features. This phage, named vB_EfaS-271, has been classified as a Siphoviridae member, according to electron microscopy characterization of the virions, composed of a 50 nm-diameter head and a long, flexible, noncontractable tail (219 × 12.5 nm). Analysis of the whole dsDNA genome of this phage showed that it consists of 40,197 bp and functional modules containing genes coding for proteins that are involved in DNA replication (including DNA polymerase/primase), morphogenesis, packaging and cell lysis. Mass spectrometry analysis allowed us to identify several phage-encoded proteins. vB_EfaS-271 reveals a relatively narrow host range, as it is able to infect only a few E. faecalis strains. On the other hand, it is a virulent phage (unable to lysogenize host cells), effectively and quickly destroying cultures of sensitive host bacteria, with a latent period as short as 8 min and burst size of approximately 70 phages per cell at 37 °C. This phage was also able to destroy biofilms formed by E. faecalis. These results contribute to our understanding of the biodiversity of bacteriophages, confirming the high variability among these viruses and indicating specific genetic and functional features of vB_EfaS-271.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Bacteriophage vB_EfaS-271 Infecting Enterococcus faecalis

Topka-Bielecka

Bloch

Nejman-Faleńczyk

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…In our subsequent study, we have assessed ClyR’s lytic activity against several other important oral non-streptococci, including Enterococcus faecalis ATCC51299. Its activity against E. faecalis (the main pathogen of refractory periapical endodontic lesions) was robust [ 37 ]. The normal flora usually play an important role in maintaining oral health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of the Chimeric Lysin ClyR against Common Gram-Positive Oral Microbes and Its Anticaries Efficacy in Rat Models

Yang

et al. 2018

Viruses

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Dental caries is a common disease caused by oral bacteria. Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are the primary cariogenic microbes that often survive as biofilms on teeth. In this study, we evaluated the activity of ClyR, a well-known chimeric lysin with extended streptococcal host range, against common Gram-positive oral microbes and its anticaries efficacy in rat models. ClyR demonstrated high lytic activity against S. mutans MT8148 and S. sobrinus ATCC6715, with minor activity against Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus salivarius, which are considered as harmless commensal oral bacteria. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the number of viable cells in 72-h aged S. mutans and S. sobrinus biofilms are significantly (p < 0.05) decreased after treatment with 50 µg/mL ClyR for 5 min. Furthermore, continuous administration of ClyR for 40 days (5 µg/day) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the severity of caries in rat models infected with a single or a mixed bacteria of S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Therefore, ClyR could be a promising agent or additive for the prevention and treatment of dental caries.

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“…232 ClyR, a chimeric lysin of streptococcal origin, was active against planktonic and sessile E. faecalis cells in vitro and in an ex vivo dental model. 233 A combination of two Enterococcus phages (EFDG1 and EFLK1) showed in vitro effectiveness against E. faecalis, and several new siphoviruses targeting E. faecalis have been identified. 234,235 Enterococcus phage SHEF2 was able to eradicate E. faecalis biofilms on a polystyrene surface and on tooth specimens, and to resolve an E. faecalis infection in a zebrafish model system.…”

Section: Phag E Ther Apy and Phag E-ba S Ed Antimicrob Ial Smentioning

confidence: 99%

The human oral phageome

Szafrański

Slots

Stiesch

2021

Periodontology 2000

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The human oral cavity harbors complex and diverse biofilms on tooth enamel, periodontal tissues, the tongue, buccal mucosa, hard and soft palates, and the lips. Oral bacteria may also seed to tonsils, pharynx, and esophagus. Oral microbiomes support large populations of viruses, mostly bacteriophages (phages) that infect specific bacterial species, and can appear as free phage virions (phage particles) or as dormant prophages (in bacterial lysogens). [1][2][3][4] A 1 μl volume of saliva may harbor as many as 100,000 virus-like particles, most of which are phages. 5,6 This article reviews the diversity of the oral phageome and the potential impact of phages on the ecology and dynamics of dental biofilms, with emphasis on the phage interaction with periodontopathic bacteria. The potential utility of phage therapy in oral health care is highlighted as well. | BA S IC FE ATURE S OF BAC TERI OPHAG E SPhages comprise a significant part of virtually all human and environmental microbiomes, and they may modulate the formation and ecology of such microbiotas. 1,2,6,7 Phages are used for fingerprinting of bacterial strains (known as phage typing), food biopreservation, pathogen detection, and treatment of bacterial diseases of humans, animals, and plants. [8][9][10][11][12] The continual increase in multiple-drug resistance among bacterial pathogens has created a need for new approaches to combat infectious diseases. An intriguing aspect of lytic phages is their ability to kill specific bacterial pathogens without upsetting the beneficial commensal microbiota, without causing superinfections by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, and without inducing adverse drug reactions. Phage therapy may be particularly important for treatment of oral biofilm microorganisms, which can show resistance to common antibiotics and antiseptics. Also, phages or their enzymes may be used to edit the human microbiome toward a health-preserving state and to interact directly with human immune cells to modulate human immune responses. 3,13,14 Prophages can also transfer genetic traits or cause genome excision of bacterial genes, which may confer novel properties to the bacteria. 15,16 The life-threatening toxins of Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Clostridium botulinum are examples of prophage-encoded virulence factors. 15,16 Phage classification is based on morphology, infectious cycle and genomic content. 4,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Phages can have a tailed proteinaceous capsid with a double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) genome or a nontailed capsid with either double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, or ribonucleic acid (RNA) genomes (Figure 1). Filamentous and pleomorphic phages also exist. Tailed bacteriophages (classified in the order Caudovirales) make up 96% of all phage isolates and are divided into families based on the tail morphology. Large virions (phage particles) with a long contractile tail belong to the families Myoviridae (mostly), Ackermannviridae, or Herellevir...

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Effects of a Chimeric Lysin against Planktonic and Sessile Enterococcus faecalis Hint at Potential Application in Endodontic Therapy

Cited by 16 publications

References 49 publications

Characterization of the Bacteriophage vB_EfaS-271 Infecting Enterococcus faecalis

Characterization of the Bacteriophage vB_EfaS-271 Infecting Enterococcus faecalis

Activity of the Chimeric Lysin ClyR against Common Gram-Positive Oral Microbes and Its Anticaries Efficacy in Rat Models

The human oral phageome

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