EFFECTS OF A DEEP MIXED SHELL ON SOLARg-MODES,p-MODES, AND NEUTRINO FLUX

Abstract

A mixed-shell model that reflects g-modes away from the Sun's center is developed further by calibrating its parameters and evaluating a mixing mechanism: buoyancy. The shell roughly doubles g-mode oscillation periods and would explain why there is no definitive detection of their periods. But the shell has only minor effects on most p-modes. The model provides a mechanism for causing short-term fluctuations in neutrino flux and makes plausible the correlations between this flux and solar activity levels. Relations are derived for a shell heated asymmetrically by transient increases in nuclear burning in small "hot spots." The size of these spots and the timing of a heating event are governed by sets( ) of standing asymptotic g-modes, coupled by a maximal principle that greatly enhances their excitation and concentrates power toward the equator, assisting the detection of higher-sets. Signals from all sets, except one, in the range 2 8 are identified by difference periods between consecutive radial states using the method of Garcia et al. and reinterpreting their latest spectrum. This confirms two detections of sets in a similar range of by their rotation rates. The mean radius of shell mixing is r m = 0.16 R , which improves an earlier independent estimate of 0.18 by the author. The shell may cause the unexplained dip in measured sound speed at its location. Another sound speed error, centered near 0.67 R , and reversing flows in the same place with a period originally near 1.3 yr suggest that the g-modes are depositing there about 3% of the solar luminosity. That implies the shell at r m is receiving a similar magnitude of power, which would be enough energy to mix the corresponding shell in a standard solar model in 10 7 yr.

A New Way that Planets Can Affect the Sun

“…Also it allows nuclear burning to be increased greatly in very small volumes by the mechanism of Wolff and O'Donovan (2007), which gives more excitation to g modes coupled into sets of the same angular degree. Finally, Wolff (2009) gave a quantitative description of the shell and cited some half dozen observations that support or are consistent with the existence of the shell and g modes. That work included a match of model g-mode oscillation periods to observed difference periods reported by García et al (2008).…”

Thermomagnetic Ettingshausen-Nernst effect in tachocline, magnetic reconnection phenomenon in lower layers, axion mechanism of solar luminosity variations, coronal heating problem solution and mechanism of ADM variations around BH

“…(Bahcall et al, 2006;Lopes and Silk, 2012)), in this case neutrinos, in particular, 8 B neutrino fluxes (see (Gando et al, 2012)) can provide an almost precise determination not only of locally averaged temperatures and densities, but also of their possible variations in the core, and as a consequence, of solar cyclic variations in the convective envelope (see e.g. g-and p-modes in (Wolff, 2009)).…”

“…In order to find the physical connection between the solar activity and the nuclear processes of the solar core, Attila Grandpierre studied the possible relationship between the local thermonuclear instability and the physical conditions associated with energy and neutrinos produced in the solar core (see e.g. (Gough et al, 1996;Morel and Schatzman, 1996;Kennedy, 1996, 1999;Wolff, 2009;Wolff and Patrone, 2010)). At the same time, the presence of thermonuclear microinstabilities generated by magnetic instabilities (see (Spruit, 2002;Braithwaite and Spruit, 2017;Brun and Browning, 2017)) and, as a result, the formation of hot bubbles in the solar core (Grandpierre, 1990(Grandpierre, , 1996b causes a significant deviation from the thermal equilibrium and changes the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of plasma particles, since the dynamic system is already far from thermodynamic equilibrium (Grandpierre, 2000).…”

Analysis of Solar Neutrino Data from Super-Kamiokande I and II

“…Tsallis statistics is characterized by q-distributions, which seem to occur in many situations of scientific interest and have significant consequences for the understanding of natural phenomena. One such phenomena concerns the neutrino flux emanating from the gravitationally stabilized solar fusion reactor [15,16]. R. Davis Jr. established the solar neutrino problem, which was resolved by the discovery of neutrino oscillations [17,18].…”