Effects of Adding Clostridium sp. WJ06 on Intestinal Morphology and Microbial Diversity of Growing Pigs Fed with Natural Deoxynivalenol Contaminated Wheat

Abstract

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is commonly detected in cereals, and is a threat to human and animal health. The effects of microbiological detoxification are now being widely studied. A total of 24 pigs (over four months) were randomly divided into three treatments. Treatment A was fed with a basal diet as the control group. Treatment B was fed with naturally DON-contaminated wheat as a negative control group. Treatment C was fed with a contaminated diet that also had Clostridium sp. WJ06, which was used as a detoxicant. Growth performance, relative organ weight, intestinal morphology, and the intestinal flora of bacteria and fungi were examined. The results showed that after consuming a DON-contaminated diet, the growth performance of the pigs decreased significantly (p < 0.05), the relative organ weight of the liver and kidney increased significantly (p < 0.05), and the integrity of the intestinal barrier was also impaired, though the toxic effects of the contaminated diets on growing pigs were relieved after adding Clostridium sp. WJ06. The data from MiSeq sequencing of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) gene suggested that the abundance of intestinal flora was significantly different across the three treatments. In conclusion, the application of Clostridium sp. WJ06 can reduce the toxic effects of DON and adjust the intestinal microecosystem of growing pigs.

The Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Intestinal Protective Effects of Baicalin-Copper in Deoxynivalenol-Challenged Piglets

“…Xiao et al found that DON significantly reduced ADG and ADFI in weaned piglets through a 30-day feeding trial [8]. Li et al also showed that piglets fed a DON-contaminated diet showed significantly decreased growth performance [32]. Goyarts et al found that DON did not change the feed-to-gain ratio of grower pigs, while Bergsjo et al showed that grower piglets fed DON-contaminated diets had reduced feed utilization efficiency [33,34].…”

Colon Microbiome of Pigs Fed Diet Contaminated with Commercial Purified Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone

“…Until now, few studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of the DON and ZEN mycotoxins on the pig gastrointestinal microbiota; in particular, the effects of ZEN on the gastrointestinal microbiota are largely unknown. Previous studies have examined the effects of naturally mycotoxin-contaminated feeds on the gut microbiota, but no reports are available on the microbial composition of the colonic contents of pigs fed commercially purified DON and ZEN [ 20 , 24 ]. Therefore, we analyzed the colon contents of pigs fed commercially purified DON and ZEN, to compare microbial abundances in the control, DON, and ZEN dietary groups, for the first time.…”

“…However, studies of the effects of the DON and ZEN mycotoxins on the pig gastrointestinal microbiota are lacking; in particular, the effect of ZEN on the pig gut microbiota remains unclear. Recently, Li et al [ 20 ] have studied the intestinal microbial diversity in pigs fed a basal diet, naturally DON-contaminated wheat, and a feed contaminated with Clostridium sp. WJ06.…”

“…Recently, 16S rRNA gene ( rrs ) sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform was used to compare the intestinal bacterial biota in DON-contaminated wheat-fed pigs and the rumen microbiota of steers fed various diets, demonstrating that DON and different diets greatly affected the microbiota of pigs and cattle, respectively [ 20 , 22 ]. However, direct effects of purified DON and ZEN on the colon microbiota composition have not yet been reported in pigs.…”

Dual Function of a Novel Bacterium, Slackia sp. D-G6: Detoxifying Deoxynivalenol and Producing the Natural Estrogen Analogue, Equol

“…Except for DG-6 and DII-9, 3 other bacteria, BBSH797 from bovine rumen [32], LS100 from chicken intestine [31], and Clostridium sp. WJ06 (WJ06) from animal intestine [39] have been identified as capable of DON de-epoxidation. BBSH797 belongs to the family Coriobacteriaceae.…”