Effects of age on the pharmacokinetics of tramadol and its active metabolite,O‐desmethyltramadol following intravenous administration to foals

Abstract

Fentanyl appears to be consistently well tolerated following i.v. administration of 4 μg/kg bwt to foals ranging in age from 1 to 6 weeks. The results of this study support further study of fentanyl for clinical use in foals.

A physiologically based model for tramadol pharmacokinetics in horses

“…Tramadol is also used in companion animal veterinary practice for pain management. Since the first report of its analgesic effect in horses after epidural administration by Natalini and Robinson (2000), tramadol has been introduced in equine practice as analgesic drug for moderate to severe pain, and pharmacokinetic and efficacy studies (Dhanjal et al, 2009;Knych et al, 2016;Shilo et al, 2008;Stewart et al, 2011). Tramadol is administered both orally and parenterally.…”

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“…al, 2009;TORFS et al, 2009;FOREMAN et al;DALLA COSTA et al, 2014;NAYLOR et al, 2014;TAFFAREL et al, 2015). (KNYCH et al, 2012;GUEDES et al, 2013;KNYCH et al, 2013;GUEDES et al, 2016;KNYCH et al, 2016).…”

“…As investigações supracitadas demonstram que a agranulocitose atribuível à dipirona é rara, porém, de acordo com estudo realizado em animais, faz-se necessário realizar projeto de investigação prospectiva multicêntrico em países onde a dipirona é prescrita rotineiramente, para que se chegue a consenso acerca (KNYCH et al, 2012;GUEDES et al, 2013;KNYCH et al, 2013;GUEDES et al, 2016;KNYCH et al, 2016).…”