“…To characterize biological processes beyond the time scales of conventional molecular dynamics (cMD) simulations, various enhanced sampling methods have been developed, including the weighted ensemble (WE) path sampling strategy, , which can be carried out using the Weighted Ensemble Simulation Toolkit with the Parallelization and Analysis (WESTPA) software package. , WESTPA is a highly scalable, interoperable software package for carrying out WE simulations, with successful applications to the simulation of protein–ligand unbinding, protein–protein or protein–DNA binding, large-scale protein conformational rearrangements, phase separation of lipid bilayers, membrane permeability of drug-like molecules, and protein folding. , …”