Effects of Bacterial Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Mechanical Properties of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements

Abstract

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNCs) on the mechanical properties of resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) including compressive strength (CS), diametral tensile strength (DTS), and modulus of elasticity (E). Materials and Methods BCNCs were incorporated into RMGIC at various concentrations (0.3, 0.5, and 1 wt%). Unmodified RMGIC was used as the control group. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. CS and DTS, as well as modulus of elasticity, were evaluated using a universal testing machine. The nanostructure of BCNCs was observed via field emission scanning electron microscopy. Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey tests were used for data analysis. Level of significance was at p < 0.05. Results The addition of BCNCs to RMGIC led to an increase in all of the tested mechanical properties compared with the control group, with a significant increase observed for 1 wt% BCNC. CS and DTS improved up to 23%, and modulus of elasticity increased by 44%. Conclusions The addition of BCNCs to the RMGIC improved the mechanical properties, including CS, elastic modulus, and DTS. Thus, the newly developed RMGICs with BCNCs might represent an ideal and promising novel dental material in restorative dentistry.

Evaluation of the Surface Hardness and Roughness of a Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement Containing Bacterial Cellulose Nanocrystals

“…It is important to highlight that the results of SR in this study were better than the results of SH. Several studies have demonstrated the good mechanical properties of GICs reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals [ 25 , 34 ]. This shows the potential of cellulose nanocrystals to improve GICs as a whole which can replace dental amalgam in the future.…”

“…A precision scale accurate to 0.0001 g (GR-3000, A & D CL Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine the weights of the RMGIC and BCN powders. After weighing the materials, BCNs were manually added to the RMGIC powder at different concentrations (0.3%, 0.5%, and 1% by weight) as previously mentioned [ 25 ]. The materials were mixed following the manufacturer's instructions for powder/liquid ratio (3/2 g: 1 g).…”

“…An increase in the surface roughness of restorative materials is a preparatory factor for bacterial colonization as well as a risk factor for gingival diseases which could develop in the future [ 24 ]. Moradian et al [ 25 ] described the use of bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNs) in enhancing the mechanical properties of RMGIC. The authors observed that the addition of an appropriate proportion of BCNs to RMGICs increased their compressive and diametral tensile strengths.…”

An In-Vitro Evaluation of Microleakage in Resin-Based Restorative Materials at Different Time Intervals

“…Other than the conventional GIC, the resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), and smart dentine replacement (SDR) can also be used as a base material in the sandwich technique. The RMGIC has a dual ability to bond chemically with the tooth, and also micro mechanically linked to bulk filling composite restorative materials [ 20 ]. Moreover, SDR has an increased depth of cure of up to 4 mm thickness.…”

Effect of the incorporation of cellulose nanocrystals into a microwave‐polymerized denture base resin: Cellulose nanocrystals into a denture base resin

“…[12][13][14] In the dentistry field, the incorporation of CNC in dental composites and glass ionomer cements has shown an improvement in the properties of these materials. [15][16][17] Nevertheless, the evaluation of the effect of the incorporation of CNC into PMMA denture base resins are still limited. [18] Only one study demonstrated that the use of CNC as nanofillers to reinforce a PMMA 3Dprintable denture base resin demonstrated potential for future clinical applications.…”