Effects of Biochar Amendment on CO2 Emissions from Paddy Fields under Water-Saving Irrigation

Sung-Bum, Yang; Jiang, Zewei; Sun, Xiao; Ding, Jie; Xu, Junzeng

doi:10.3390/ijerph15112580

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Explaining the rate of adsorption, carbon sequestration, and GHGs emissions in the soil‐biochar complex lies in the characteristics of the biochar (Giles et al, 2017). CO 2 emissions primarily depend on carbon content in biochar‐soil complex (S. Yang et al, 2018). Biochar forms complexes with soil aggregates (Xiao, Zhang, et al, 2016) which decreases the rate of soil enzymatic activities (Demisie et al, 2014) and creates organic macromolecules such as aromatics that are difficult to use by microorganisms (Gorovtsov et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In‐situ biochar production associated with paddies: Direct involvement of farmers in greenhouse gases reduction policies besides increasing nutrients availability and rice production

2021

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Treating soils with pyrolyzed biomass, that is biochar, is proposed as a conditioner and a carbon geoengineering measure. Rice is known as a strategic crop and rice husk is a cheap and available feedstock material for biochar in particular in Asia. We conducted a field experiment with laboratory biochar (LB) and locally produced [in‐situ biochar (IB)] applied at rates of 10 and 20 t ha−1 using a randomized block design in three replicates to examine the efficiency of IB for improving soil condition for rice production, and to propose a cheap and in‐farm applicable measure to decrease greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from the agricultural sector. Grain yield significantly increased following biochar addition by 52.2%, 53.2%, 65.4%, and 67.2% in LB10, IB10, LB20, and IB20, respectively. Total biomass in all biochar treatments had a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared with our control and the highest biomass belonged to LB20 and IB20 with 12.2 and 15.7 t ha1, respectively. The highest grain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium was in IB20. Compared to the control, IB20 significantly decreased emissions of CH4 by 72.3%, N2O by 85.8%, and CO2 by 32.9%. IB is as effective as LB. IB production and application provide a sustainable management approach for dealing with crop residues, improves soil conditions (aeration and nutrients availability) for crop growth, and directly and in a practical way involves farmers in GHGs reduction policies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In‐situ biochar production associated with paddies: Direct involvement of farmers in greenhouse gases reduction policies besides increasing nutrients availability and rice production

2021

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“…Farmland, which contributes 7–20% of the world’s total greenhouse gas emissions [ 9 ], is a proven contributor to carbon emissions. In particular, paddy fields are generally considered to be significant contributors to net carbon emissions [ 10 ]. Forest ecosystems are one of the largest terrestrial ecosystem carbon pools, and the carbon storage of forest ecosystems accounts for 50–60% of the world’s carbon storage [ 11 ]; hence, the carbon storage potential of forests has motivated the research interest of many scientists [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Storage Change Analysis and Emission Reduction Suggestions under Land Use Transition: A Case Study of Henan Province, China

Xiao

Niu

Jin

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The significant spatial heterogeneity among river basin ecosystems makes it difficult for local governments to carry out comprehensive governance for different river basins in a special administrative region spanning multi-river basins. However, there are few studies on the construction of a comprehensive governance mechanism for multi-river basins at the provincial level. To fill this gap, this paper took Henan Province of China, which straddles four river basins, as the study region. The chord diagram, overlay analysis, and carbon emission models were applied to the remote sensing data of land use to analyze the temporal and spatial patterns of carbon storage caused by land-use changes in Henan Province from 1990 to 2018 to reflect the heterogeneity of the contribution of the four basins to human activities and economic development. The results revealed that food security land in the four basins decreased, while production and living land increased. Ecological conservation land was increased over time in the Yangtze River Basin. In addition, the conversion from food security land to production and living land was the common characteristic for the four basins. Carbon emission in Henan increased from 134.46 million tons in 1990 to 553.58 million tons in 2018, while its carbon absorption was relatively stable (1.67–1.69 million tons between 1990 and 2018). The carbon emitted in the Huai River Basin was the main contributor to Henan Province’s total carbon emission. The carbon absorption in Yellow River Basin and Yangtze River Basin had an obvious spatial agglomeration effect. Finally, considering the current need of land spatial planning in China and the goal of carbon neutrality by 2060 set by the Chinese government, we suggested that carbon sequestration capacity should be further strengthened in Yellow River Basin and Yangtze River Basin based on their respective ecological resource advantages. For future development in Hai River Basin and Huai River Basin, coordinating the spatial allocation of urban scale and urban green space to build an ecological city is a key direction to embark upon.

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“…Simultaneously, biochars have high potential to sequester carbon, thus reducing soil CO 2 emission [24,25]. Several studies reported elevated CO 2 emission after biochar usage [26,27], while others found reduced CO 2 emissions [28,29]. Positive or negative effects of biochar usage on soil GHG emission are not only highly dependent on soil structure but also on biochar parameters such as its type or pyrolysis temperature [30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Soil–Plant–Water System Due to Biochar Amendment

Horel

Tóth

2021

Water

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The aim of this study was to do a complex examination of the soil–plant–water system and soil greenhouse gas emissions when biochar is applied to soil planted with sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata). The study covers two consecutive vegetation periods. We investigated (i) the changes in plant growth, (ii) soil water and temperature at different depths, (iii) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CO2 and N2O) after biochar application, and (iv) the soil water, chemistry, and plant interactions. We used discrete measurements for plant growth, biomass production, and soil chemistry, while continuously monitoring the soil water content and temperature, and the state of plant health (i.e., using spectral reflectance sensors). Plant response in the control plot showed higher values of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; 0.3%) and lower values for photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR) by 26.8% and 2.24%, respectively, than for biochar treatments. We found significant negative correlations between fAPAR and soil water contents (SWC), and NDVI and SWC values (−0.59 < r < −0.30; p < 0.05). Soil temperature at the depth of 15 cm influenced soil CO2 emissions to a larger extent (r > 0.5; p < 0.01) than air temperature (0.21 < r < 0.33) or soil water content (r < 0.06; p > 0.05). Our data showed strong connections between GHG production and soil chemical parameters of soil pH, nitrogen, potassium, or phosphate concentrations. Biochar application increased soil CO2 emissions but reduced N2O emissions. Our results demonstrated that biochar amendment to soils can help plant growth initially, but might not result in enhanced crop yield. The plant parameters were substantially different between the investigated years for both control and biochar amended parcels; therefore, long-term studies are essential to document the lasting effects of these treatments.

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Effects of Biochar Amendment on CO2 Emissions from Paddy Fields under Water-Saving Irrigation

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

In‐situ biochar production associated with paddies: Direct involvement of farmers in greenhouse gases reduction policies besides increasing nutrients availability and rice production

In‐situ biochar production associated with paddies: Direct involvement of farmers in greenhouse gases reduction policies besides increasing nutrients availability and rice production

Carbon Storage Change Analysis and Emission Reduction Suggestions under Land Use Transition: A Case Study of Henan Province, China

Changes in the Soil–Plant–Water System Due to Biochar Amendment

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