Effects of Biochar Application on Soil Organic Carbon Composition and Enzyme Activity in Paddy Soil under Water-Saving Irrigation

Sung-Bum, Yang; Chen, Xi; Jiang, Zewei; Ding, Jie; Sun, Xiao; Xu, Junzeng

doi:10.3390/ijerph17010333

Cited by 65 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Biochar surface has numerous pores that provide shelter to microbes against stress [75], which results in an increase in SMB. Similar findings were also observed in the previous studies which reported an increase in SMBC due to biochar application [76][77][78]. However, in contrast, no change in MBC under biochar application was observed by Bruun et al [73].…”

Section: Effect Of Organic Amendments On Smb and Enzyme Activitysupporting

confidence: 90%

Efficiency of Wheat Straw Biochar in Combination with Compost and Biogas Slurry for Enhancing Nutritional Status and Productivity of Soil and Plant

Abbas

Naveed

Azeem

et al. 2020

Plants

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In the present study, we investigated the impact of different combinations of wheat straw biochar, compost and biogas slurry on maize growth, physiology, and nutritional status in less productive soils. The experiment was performed as a completely randomized block design in a greenhouse pot experiment. The compost and biogas slurry were applied with and without biochar. The results revealed that a combination of biochar, compost, and biogas slurry enhanced the cation exchange capacity (31%), carbon (83%), phosphorus (67%) and potassium (81%) contents in the soil. Likewise, a significant increase in soil microbial biomass carbon (15%) and nitrogen (37%) was noticed with the combined use of all organic amendments. Moreover, the combined application of biochar, compost and biogas slurry enhanced soil urease and β-glucosidase activity up to 96% and 67% over control respectively. In addition, plant height, chlorophyll content, water use efficiency and 1000-grain weight were also enhanced up to 54%, 90%, 53% and 21% respectively, with the combined use of all amendments. Here, biochar addition helped to reduce the nutrient losses of compost and biogas slurry as well. It is concluded that biochar application in combination with compost and biogas slurry could be a more sustainable, environment-friendly and cost-effective approach, particularly for less fertile soils.

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Section: Effect Of Organic Amendments On Smb and Enzyme Activitysupporting

confidence: 90%

Efficiency of Wheat Straw Biochar in Combination with Compost and Biogas Slurry for Enhancing Nutritional Status and Productivity of Soil and Plant

Abbas

Naveed

Azeem

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…The SOC concentration at the 0–10 cm soil depth before sowing was significantly larger under STF and NTF than under PTF ( P < 0.05) and was similar to the results reported by previous researchers [ 38 , 39 ]. The lower SOC concentration in our study under PTF might have been due to a large volume of crop residues being turned into the deeper layer (25–30 cm) through the summer tillage practice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Subsoiling during summer fallow in rainfed winter-wheat fields enhances soil organic carbon sequestration on the Loess Plateau in China

et al. 2021

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Scientific management of the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool, e.g., through a reasonable tillage system, is a potential way to mitigate global climate change. There is scarce information about the effect of tillage during the summer fallow period on the SOC pool in rainfed winter-wheat fields. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of tillage practices, i.e., plow tillage (PTF), subsoiling (STF) and no tillage (NTF), during the summer fallow period on SOC sequestration in winter-wheat fields in the rainfed area of the eastern Loess Plateau of China. The SOC, mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC), permanganate-oxidizable organic carbon (POxC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations were determined after four years of tillage implementation during the summer fallow period. Our results showed that in comparison to the adoption of NTF, the adoption of STF significantly increased POxC, POC and MOC concentrations by 56.6–111.2%, 45.7–118.7% and 26.2–29.4%, respectively, at the 10–20 and 30–40 cm soil depths before sowing (P < 0.05). The POxC and MOC concentrations under STF at depths of 0–10, 10–20, 20–30 and 30–50 cm were significantly greater than those under PTF and NTF after harvesting (P < 0.05). In addition, the SOC concentration and SOC stock under STF were significantly greater than those under NTF at the 0–10, 10–20, 20–30 and 30–40 cm soil depths before sowing and after harvesting (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in comparison to PTF and NTF, STF resulted in significantly higher SOC stocks by 12.0–25.3% and 7.1–19.2% than PTF and NTF, respectively, in the 0–10, 0–20, 0–30, 0–40 and 0–50 cm soil profiles at harvesting (P < 0.05). In summary, the adoption of STF could be beneficial to the management of the SOC pool in the 0–50 cm soil profile in the rainfed area of winter-wheat on the Loess Plateau of China.

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“…Wang et al [117] found that, although returning rice straw was an effective practice to increase SOC in the short-term, it might not have effects in the long-term. Meanwhile, biochar application is recommended from various studies (e.g., rice straw biochar for paddy soil [118] because it is more resistant to microbial decomposition unless management practices change. In cultivated sandy soil like paddy field in NE Thailand, SOC is often lost due to tillage, crop residue removal, and fallow land after harvest; as a result, SOC is lower than the maximum protective capacity level.…”

Section: Carbon Saturation For Sandy Soil In Northeast Thailandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Organic Carbon in Sandy Paddy Fields of Northeast Thailand: A Review

et al. 2020

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Soil organic carbon (SOC) improvement has become a sustainable strategy for enhancing soil resilience and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the rice cropping system. For tropical soils, the SOC accumulation was limited by the unfavorable environment, likely the sandy soil area in Northeast (NE) Thailand. This review aims to quantify and understand SOC in sandy paddy fields of NE Thailand. The existing research gap for alternative management practices is also highlighted to increase ecological and agronomic values. We review previous studies to determine the factors affecting SOC dynamics in sandy paddy fields, in order to enhance SOC and sustain rice yields. High sand content, up to 50% sand, was found in 70.7% of the observations. SOC content has ranged from 0.34 to 31.2 g kg−1 for the past four decades in paddy rice soil of NE Thailand. The conventional and alternative practice managements were chosen based on either increasing rice crop yield or improving soil fertility. The lack of irrigation water during the mild dry season would physically affect carbon sequestration as the soil erosion accelerates. Meanwhile, soil chemical and microbial activity, which directly affect SOC accumulation, would be influenced by nutrient and crop residue management, including chemical fertilizer, manure and green manure, unburned rice straw, and biochar application. Increasing SOC content by 1 g kg−1 can increase rice yield by 302 kg ha−1. The predicted carbon saturation varied tremendously, from 4.1% to 140.6% (52% in average), indicating that the sandy soil in this region has the potential for greater SOC sequestration. Our review also suggests that broadening the research of rice production influenced by sandy soil is still required to implement adaptive management for sustainable agriculture and future food security.

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Effects of Biochar Application on Soil Organic Carbon Composition and Enzyme Activity in Paddy Soil under Water-Saving Irrigation

Cited by 65 publications

References 38 publications

Efficiency of Wheat Straw Biochar in Combination with Compost and Biogas Slurry for Enhancing Nutritional Status and Productivity of Soil and Plant

Efficiency of Wheat Straw Biochar in Combination with Compost and Biogas Slurry for Enhancing Nutritional Status and Productivity of Soil and Plant

Subsoiling during summer fallow in rainfed winter-wheat fields enhances soil organic carbon sequestration on the Loess Plateau in China

Soil Organic Carbon in Sandy Paddy Fields of Northeast Thailand: A Review

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