Effects of Biomass Use in Integrated Steel Plant &amp;ndash; Gate-to-gate Life Cycle Inventory Method

Suopajärvi, Hannu; Fabritius, Timo

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.52.779

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The coke replacement ratio for charcoal could be close or even more than 1; for torrefied biomass its value does not exceed 0.4. 1,8,9) 1 Babich-Senk These results make clear that the winnings in the biomass solid product yield causes the loss in the BF operation efficiency and vice versa. Therefore, in this work, the co-injection of charcoals and gaseous pyrolysis products targeting at the raising the total economic efficiency has been proposed and examined.…”

Section: Efficiency Of Biomass Use For Blast Furnace Injectionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Efficiency of Biomass Use for Blast Furnace Injection

Babich

Senk

Solar³

et al. 2019

ISIJ Int.

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Numerous studies and available experience proved the feasibility and benefits of the biomass usage in various metallurgical applications, particularly, by its injection into the blast furnace (BF). This contribution focuses on three aspects, which could increase the economic efficiency of this technology. The first one is related to the thermal treatment of biomass. Woody biomass were pyrolysed using a laboratory pyrolysis plant under different conditions resulting in various amounts and properties of solid, liquid and gaseous constituents. Co-injection of the produced charcoal and biogas into the BF was proposed. Mathematical modelling using the experimental data of mentioned biomass product characteristics was undertaken to examine the effect of this technology on the BF operation results. The second aspect is related to the optimisation of grain size and size distribution of injected solid biomass products. Tests using a laboratory injection rig allowed for recommendation of the coarser grinding of charcoal than that for fossil coal applied for the BF injection. This could lead to the additional energy and cost saving. The third aspect concerns the improvement of the BF control. It is proposed a new BASE 1 method for the BF thermal state control by adaption of the pyrolysis parameters while injecting pyrolysed biomass and coupling the blast furnace with a pyrolysis reactor.

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Section: Efficiency Of Biomass Use For Blast Furnace Injectionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Efficiency of Biomass Use for Blast Furnace Injection

Babich

Senk

Solar³

et al. 2019

ISIJ Int.

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“…However, constructing a detailed model of the whole blast furnace is very challenging, considering the numerous physical and chemical phenomena. Another type of model is suggested in works such as Suopajärvi and Fabritius [25], Grip et al [26], or Sakamoto et al [7] with the purpose to simulate an integrated steel plant. It is important to evaluate the effects of biofuels on the whole plant, though the most critical considerations for steel company is to ensure that the blast furnace can continue running uninterrupted and maintaining the same performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass as blast furnace injectant – Considering availability, pretreatment and deployment in the Swedish steel industry

Wang¹,

Mellin

Lövgren³

et al. 2015

Energy Conversion and Management

137

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a b s t r a c tWe have investigated and modeled the injection of biomass into blast furnaces (BF), in place of pulverized coal (PC) from fossil sources. This is the easiest way to reduce CO 2 emissions, beyond efficiencyimprovements. The considered biomass is either pelletized, torrefied or pyrolyzed. It gives us three cases where we have calculated the maximum replacement ratio for each. It was found that charcoal from pyrolysis can fully replace PC, while torrefied material and pelletized wood can replace 22.8% and 20.0% respectively, by weight.Our energy and mass balance model (MASMOD), with metallurgical sub-models for each zone, further indicates that (1) more Blast Furnace Gas (BFG) will be generated resulting in reduced fuel consumption in an integrated plant, (2) lower need of limestone can be expected, (3) lower amount of generated slag as well, and (4) reduced fuel consumption for heating the hot blast is anticipated. Overall, substantial energy savings are possible, which is one of the main findings in this paper.Due to the high usage of PC in Sweden, large amounts of biomass is required if full substitution by charcoal is pursued (6.19 TWh/y). But according to our study, it is likely available in the long term for the blast furnace designated M3 (located in Luleå).Finally, over a year with almost fully used production capacity (2008 used as reference), a 28.1% reduction in on-site emissions is possible by using charcoal. Torrefied material and wood pellets can reduce the emissions by 6.4% and 5.7% respectively. The complete replacement of PC in BF M3 can reduce 17.3% of the total emissions from the Swedish steel industry.

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“…(Helle et al, 2010;Helle et al, 2009;Gupta, 2003;Suopajärvi and Fabritius, 2012; . Helle et al (2010) and Helle et al (2009) simulated partial substitution of fossil reducing agents with biomass in the BF.…”

Section: Biomass As Reducing Agent and Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reported limitations with biomass use were land management (conflict with agriculture), high moisture content, lower physical strength of charcoal compared to coke, and economy. According to Suopajärvi and Fabritius (2012), injection of pulverised charcoal into BF would reduce direct fossil CO 2 emissions by up to 26% compared to a scenario with heavy oil injection. In this case charcoal production was integrated with iron production and off-gases from the pyrolysis process were used together with BFG and COG to generate electricity.…”

Section: Biomass As Reducing Agent and Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Energy Efficiency and Fuel Substitution in the Iron and Steel Industry

Johansson¹

2014

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IPCC reported in its climate change report 2013 that the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, and nitrous oxide now have reached the highest levels in the past 800,000 years. CO2 concentration has increased by 40% since pre-industrial times and the primary source is fossil fuel combustion. It is vital to reduce anthropogenic emissions of GHGs in order to combat climate change. Industry accounts for 20% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions and the iron and steel industry accounts for 30% of industrial emissions. The iron and steel industry is at date highly dependent on fossil fuels and electricity. Energy efficiency measures and substitution of fossil fuels with renewable energy would make an important contribution to the efforts to reduce emissions of GHGs. This thesis studies energy efficiency measures and fuel substitution in the iron and steel industry and focuses on recovery and utilisation of excess energy and substitution of fossil fuels with biomass. Energy systems analysis has been used to investigate how changes in the iron and steel industry’s energy system would affect the steel plant’s economy and global CO2 emissions. The thesis also studies energy management practices in the Swedish iron and steel industry with the focus on how energy managers think about why energy efficiency measures are implemented or why they are not implemented. In-depth interviews with energy managers at eleven Swedish steel plants were conducted to analyse energy management practices. In order to show some of the large untapped heat flows in industry, excess heat recovery potential in the industrial sector in Gävleborg County in Sweden was analysed. Under the assumptions made in this thesis, the recovery output would be more than three times higher if the excess heat is used in a district heating system than if electricity is generated. An economic evaluation was performed for three electricity generation technologies for the conversion of low-temperature industrial excess heat. The results show that electricity generation with organic Rankine cycles and phase change material engines could be profitable, but that thermoelectric generation of electricity from low-temperature industrial excess heat would not be profitable at the present stage of technology development. With regard to fossil fuels substituted with biomass, there are opportunities to substitute fossil coal with charcoal in the blast furnace and to substitute liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) with bio-syngas or bio synthetic natural gas (bio-SNG) as fuel in the steel industry’s reheating furnaces. However, in the energy market scenarios studied, substituting LPG with bio-SNG as fuel in reheating furnaces at the studied scrap-based steel plant would not be profitable without economic policy support. The development of the energy market is shown to play a vital role for the outcome of how different measures would affect global CO2 emissions. Results from the interviews show that Swedish steel companies regard improved...

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Effects of Biomass Use in Integrated Steel Plant – Gate-to-gate Life Cycle Inventory Method

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Efficiency of Biomass Use for Blast Furnace Injection

Efficiency of Biomass Use for Blast Furnace Injection

Biomass as blast furnace injectant – Considering availability, pretreatment and deployment in the Swedish steel industry

Improved Energy Efficiency and Fuel Substitution in the Iron and Steel Industry

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