Effects of Ca2+ on activity restoration of the damaged anammox consortium

Insight into the overconsumption of ammonium by anammox consortia under anaerobic conditions

“…20% of the total bacteria population. The original consortia were damaged by overheating, which dramatically decreased its nitrogen removal capacity (Liu et al 2013). The concentrations of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, sulphate and volatile suspended solids (VSS) were measured using standard methods established by the American Public Health Association (APHA 1998).…”

Identification of the release and effects of AHLs in anammox culture for bacteria communication

“…The anammox culture used in this study was mainly composed of Candidatus Brocadia fulgida, which accounted for around 80% of the total population [22]. According to standard methods set out by the American Publish Health Association [23], the concentrations of NH 4 + -N were measured by preliminary distillation step and titrimetric method, NO 3 À -N were determined by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Screening Method, NO 2 À -N were measured by Colorimetric Method, and Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) were defined under the conditions that suspended solids were dried at 103-105°C for 12 h and volatile solids were ignited at 550°C for 2 h. pH was obtained by pH meter (Mettler, Switzerland).…”

Nitrogen Removal by Co-Immobilized Anammox and Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria in Wastewater Treatment

“…For decades, a removal process based on aerobic nitrification with subsequent anoxic denitrification was used for the removal of such nitrogen-based compounds. The discovery of anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox; AMX), with essential advantages of high nitrogen removal rate (NRR), environmental friendliness, low operational costs and low occupied areas, has been recognized as an attractive alternative for the treatment of nitrogen-rich wastewater streams [3][4][5]. The AMX process operates by oxidizing ammonia to nitrogen gas with nitrite as an electron acceptor under anoxic conditions.…”

“…So far, it has mainly been applied for wastewaters with high concentrations of ammonia and low concentrations of biodegradable organic substances [12]. Functional AMX bacteria are very sensitive and are easily inhibited by many factors, such as low temperature (optimal range is 20-43 • C), extreme pH value (optimum pH 6.5-8.8), high salinity as well as the presence of organic matter, phosphates, sulfides and other inhibitors [4,7].…”