Effects of Co-Processing Sewage Sludge in the Cement Kiln on PAHs, Heavy Metals Emissions and the Surrounding Environment

Lv, Dong; Zhu, Tianle; Liu, Z.; Zhao, Yuan; Yu, Sun; Wang, Hongmei; Zhang, Fan; Zhao, Qinglin

doi:10.3390/ijerph15040698

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In these two kinds of municipal sludge, hazardous contaminants, especially heavy metals, showed similar distribution characteristics. In sewer sediments, heavy metals can be arranged in the following descending order based on their concentrations Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni > As > Cd > Hg, which is similar to the arrangement of heavy metals in sewage sludge in many previous studies [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Characterization, Spatial Variation and Management Strategy of Sewer Sediments Collected from Combined Sewer System: A Case Study in Longgang District, Shenzhen

Luo

Bao

Yang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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In the urban drainage system, the formation of sewer sediments is inevitable, and the removal of sewer sediments is necessary for system maintenance. Disposal of arisings from sewer sediment removal is becoming a serious environmental issue. The current knowledge of sewer sediments is limited, which is restrained to sewer sediments management. To better understand this municipal waste, the sewer sediments of a combined sewer system in Longgang District, Shenzhen were collected and characterized, and the spatial distribution characteristics of contaminants were analyzed. Based on the bivariate correlation analysis, it is found that many contaminants in sewer sediments have a strong relationship with spatial variables. Compared to the sewer sediments in industrial areas, those in residential areas contain higher concentrations of Hg and phosphorus. The sediments in the sewage conduit also contain more organic matter (OM), phosphorus, Cu, and Ni, and the sediments in the rainwater conduit contain a higher concentration of Cd. Moreover, the sediments produced in different catchments also show huge differences in the content of contaminants. These spatial distribution characteristics may provide help for the further classification of sewer sediments, thereby making the disposal of sediments more targeted. According to the local standards of sludge disposal, land application and incineration are not suitable for managing sewer sediments due to the low OM content and poor lower heating value (LHV). Although sanitary landfill is feasible for sewer sediments disposal, the complicated composition of sewer sediments still poses the risk of polluting the surrounding environment. The management of sewer sediments via the production of building materials is a promising technical route that can avoid the migration of hazardous contaminants and produce valuable products. This study may improve our understanding of sewer sediments and provide a reliable recommendation for sewer sediment management.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Characterization, Spatial Variation and Management Strategy of Sewer Sediments Collected from Combined Sewer System: A Case Study in Longgang District, Shenzhen

Luo

Bao

Yang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…In proximity of cement plants, heavy metals have been detected in environmental air (suspended particulate matter) (Ali-Khodja et al, 2008), in soil (Bermudez et al, 2010Lv, 2018;Wang et al, 2018a;Yatkin and Bayram 2010) and, in humans (adult age), in biological samples as blood, urine and hair (Afridi, 2011;Dong et al, 2015;Hwang et al, 2018;Isikli et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation of Toxic Metals in Children Exposed to Urban Pollution and to Cement Plant Emissions

Ciaula¹

2021

Expo Health

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Cement plants located in urban areas can increase health risk. Although children are particularly vulnerable, biomonitoring studies are lacking. Toenail concentration of 24 metals was measured in 366 children (6-10 years), who live and attend school in a city hosting a cement plant. Living addresses and schools were geocoded and attributed to exposed or control areas, according to modeled ground concentrations of PM 10 generated by the cement plant. Air levels of PM 10 and NO 2 were monitored. PM 10 levels were higher in the exposed, than in the control area. The highest mean PM 10 concentration was recorded close to the cement plant. Conversely, the highest NO 2 concentration was in the control area, where vehicular traffic and home heating were the prevalent sources of pollutants. Exposed children had higher concentrations of Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), and Arsenic (As) than controls. These concentrations correlated each other, indicating a common source. Toenail Barium (Ba) concentration was higher in the control-than in the exposed area. The location of the attended school was a predictor of Cd, Hg, Ni, Ba concentrations, after adjusting for confounders. In conclusion, children living and attending school in an urban area exposed to cement plant emissions show a chronic bioaccumulation of toxic metals, and a significant exposure to PM 10 pollution. Cement plants located in populous urban areas seem therefore harmful, and primary prevention policies to protect children health are needed.

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“…The use of sewage sludge as an addition to the fuel used in furnaces results in increased emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals, in particular high molecular weight PAHs and low volatility heavy metals, such as Cd and Pb, as particles. Over 95% of the total PAHs in the flue gas for cement production are in the gas phase, and the majority of them are low molecular weight PAHs [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions Control of Hydrochloric and Fluorhydric Acid in cement Factories from Romania

Voicu

Ciobanu

Istrate

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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From the available statistical data, cement factories co-process a range of over 100 types of waste (sorted both industrial and household) being authorized for their use as combustion components in clinker ovens. Therefore, the level of emissions is different depending on the type of fuels and waste used. The amount of industrial and municipal co-processed waste in the Romanian cement industry from 2004 to 2013 was about 1,500,000 tons, the equivalent of municipal waste generated in a year for 18 cities with over 250,000 inhabitants. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the emission level of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) at the clinker kilns at two cement factories in Romania for different annual time intervals and to do a comparative analysis, to estimate their compliance with legislation in force. The measurements results showed average emission levels of about 0.578 mg/Nm3 for HCl and about 0.100 mg/Nm3 for HF, in the first hours of the evening, but decreased at the beginning of the third tour, at about 0.385 mg/Nm3 for HCl, respectively, to about 0.085 mg/Nm3 for HF. The evolution of HCl and HF emission levels during the last 4 years showed a variable distribution of these acids.

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Effects of Co-Processing Sewage Sludge in the Cement Kiln on PAHs, Heavy Metals Emissions and the Surrounding Environment

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Characterization, Spatial Variation and Management Strategy of Sewer Sediments Collected from Combined Sewer System: A Case Study in Longgang District, Shenzhen

Characterization, Spatial Variation and Management Strategy of Sewer Sediments Collected from Combined Sewer System: A Case Study in Longgang District, Shenzhen

Bioaccumulation of Toxic Metals in Children Exposed to Urban Pollution and to Cement Plant Emissions

Emissions Control of Hydrochloric and Fluorhydric Acid in cement Factories from Romania

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