Effects of Copper Source on Phosphorus Retention in Broiler Chicks and Laying Hens

Abstract

Copper sulfate is often added to broiler and laying hen diets at prophylactic dosages due to its antimicrobial and growth promoting effects despite reduced P digestibility, whereas P use from other Cu sources is unknown. Therefore, male broiler chicks were fed diets containing 0 or 250 ppm Cu from Cu sulfate (Cu SUL), Cu citrate (Cu CIT), Cu lysinate (Cu LYS), or CuCl from 9 to 22 d of age (8 cages/diet, 6 birds/cage) to determine the effect of each Cu source on performance characteristics, bone mineralization, and P retention. Body weight gain was not different among treatments (P > 0.05). Supplementation with 250 ppm Cu from Cu LYS resulted in chicks having greater toe and tibia ash weights as compared with chicks fed Cu SUL (P < or = 0.05) but was not significantly different from those of birds fed Cu CL, Cu CIT, and 0 ppm Cu diets. Supplementation with Cu LYS resulted in birds with greater toe ash percentage as compared with birds fed Cu CIT, Cu SUL, and the 0 ppm Cu diets (P < or = 0.05) but was not significantly different than those of birds fed the CuCl diet. Birds fed the Cu LYS diet had greater tibia ash percentage as compared with birds fed Cu SUL and 0 ppm Cu diets (P < or = 0.05) but were not significantly different than birds fed the Cu CL or Cu CIT diet. Supplementation with 250 ppm Cu SUL or Cu CIT reduced apparent P retention by 0.029 and 0.053 percentage-units of the diet, respectively (P < or = 0.05) as compared with the 0 ppm diet; whereas the apparent P retention when 250 ppm Cu LYS or Cu CL was fed was not different from the 0 ppm Cu diet (P > 0.05). Feeding of different Cu sources in a subsequent experiment had no influence on P retention in laying hens (P > 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with 250 ppm Cu from Cu CIT or Cu SUL resulted in decreased apparent P retention. Supplementation with 250 ppm Cu CL or Cu LYS, however, improved apparent P retentions as compared with Cu CIT or Cu SUL.

Growth Performance, Organ Weights and, Blood Parameters of Broilers Fed Diets Containing Graded Levels of Dietary Canola Meal and Supplemental Copper

“…In contrast to the result of present study, other researchers reported that Cu supplemented at the excess levels of the requirements of broilers (8 mg/kg) recommended by NRC (1994) did not have significant effects on growth performance (Banks et al, 2004;Pang and Applegate, 2007). This is because the extent of the microbial challenge may influence the response of broilers to dietary Cu supplementation (Karimi et al, 2011).…”

“…Phytin has chemical characteristics enabling it to bind to Zn and other minerals within the digesta of the small intestine and render the minerals less available for absorption (Banks et al, 2004). Furthermore, Persson et al (1998) found that the minerals Cu and Zn have highest affinity for phytic acid.…”

Copper balance, bone mineralization and the growth performance of turkeys fed diet with two types of Cu supplements

“…In the present study, tibia Cu concentration was found an increasing trend (P<0.1) in 56-dayand 126-day-old turkeys fed a Cu-AA chelate supplemented diet, compared to birds given a diet with Cu-sulphate. In an experiment performed by Banks et al (2004b), bone mineralization results indicated that chickens fed diet with Culysinate had the greatest (P≤0.05) tibia and toe ash percentages and weights as compared with birds fed Cu-citrate or Cu-sulphate diets. Our results show that the tibia major mineral concentration (Ca and P) were unaffected (P>0.1) by dietary treatments both at days 56 and 126 of the experiment.…”

Influence of Dietary Copper Proteinate on Performance, Selected Biochemical Parameters, Lipid Peroxidation, Liver, and Egg Copper Content in Laying Hens

“…To the author's knowledge, there are very few studies investigating the effects of organic copper compounds in laying hens. Controversies exist in these studies concerning the levels of organic copper complexes recommended for laying hens without having deleterious effects on performance and metabolism [17,22,23]. Determination of possible changes due to copper proteinate, which is one of the organic copper compounds at high levels, in performance and metabolism as well as its accumulation in the liver and residue in the egg yolk may be of importance for health concern in both animals and humans.…”

“…Chelated products or proteinates have superior bioavailability over inorganic copper sources [14][15][16]. The purpose of a chelated product is to protect the compound of interest from digestion or complex formation thereby enabling the protected compound to reach its target site [17]; thus, lower dietary inclusion levels are required due to the better absorption [16], which enhances the efficiency. Although, animals vary by species in their sensitivity, poultry can tolerate many times their usual daily intakes of copper [1,2].…”