Effects of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids on growth, nonspecific immunity, expression of some immune related genes and disease resistance of large yellow croaker (Larmichthys crocea) following natural infestation of parasites (Cryptocaryon irritans)

Reduced n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids dietary content expected with global change reduces the metabolic capacity of the golden grey mullet

“…As the HUFA n-3 needs were not known for L. aurata, SD was formulated according to the needs known for other species. The n-3 HUFA level of that diet ranged between the optimum recommended in yellow croaker (0.6-0.98 %; Zuo et al 2012), gilthead seabream (0.9 %; Kalogeropoulos et al 1992), juvenile flounder (0.8-1.0 %; Kim and Lee 2004) and juvenile starry flounder (at least 0.9 % Lee et al 2003a, b) and that recommended in juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum (1.49 %; Liu et al 2007) and juvenile cod Hexagrammo sotakii (1.2-1.7 %, Lee and Cho 2009). The composition and fatty acid content of the two diets are summarised in Table 1.…”

Dietary low or excess levels of lipids reduced growth performance, and impaired immune function and structure of head kidney, spleen and skin in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) under the infection of Aeromonas hydrophila

“…The absorbance was measured at 530 nm after 20 and 140 s in a spectrophotometer. Each unit is defined as the amount of sample causing a decrease in absorbance, according to Zuo et al [59] with slight modifications. The IgM contents were assayed using a IgM contents kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China) following the manufacturer's protocols.…”

“…The results may partly due to the beneficial effects of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3HUFA) on immunity in fish. Zuo et al [59] reported that the large yellow croaker (Larmichthys crocea) fed moderate dietary n-3 HUFA had highly functional immunity.…”

Dietary myo-inositol modulates immunity through antioxidant activity and the Nrf2 and E2F4/cyclin signalling factors in the head kidney and spleen following infection of juvenile fish with Aeromonas hydrophila

“…The lysozyme activities (LA) were determined by the procedure described by Zuo et al [42]. The ACP activities were evaluated following the protocol described by Zhao et al [43] using tissue homogenates instead of cells.…”