Effects of Dietary Nucleotide Supplementation on Performance, Profitability, and Disease Resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei Cultured in Indonesia under Intensive Outdoor Pond Conditions

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of dietary nucleotide supplementation in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, cultured in Indonesia. A total of 22,500 shrimp receiving diets in which fish meal (FM) had been partially replaced with vegetable protein sources were classified into five study groups (4500 shrimp/group) and received different diets for 110 days: 10FM (control group; 10% FM), 6FM (6% FM—low FM and no nucleotide supplementation), 10FMN (10% FM; 0.1% nucleotides), 8FMN (8% FM; 0.1% nucleotides) and 6FMN (6% FM; 0.1% nucleotides). Growth performance, body composition, total hemocyte count (THC), lysozyme activity, and hepatopancreas histopathology were assessed. Organoleptic evaluation and profitability assessments were also performed. In addition, shrimp resistance to a Vibrio harveyi challenge was studied in shrimps after having received the diets for 30 days. Results showed that reducing FM had a negative impact on growth performance and hepatopancreas morphology. Adding nucleotides resulted in better performance and profitability, a healthier histomorphological appearance of the hepatopancreas, and significantly higher survival rates upon challenge with V. harveyi, while it did not negatively affect organoleptic parameters. In conclusion, nucleotide supplementation could be useful for optimizing performance, profitability, and disease resistance in shrimp cultured under intensive outdoor pond conditions.

Evaluation of distiller's dried grains with solubles in diets for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, reared under pond conditions

“…The increase in FCR as the inclusion of DDGS increased to 15% could be because of overfeeding, because the final weights of shrimp fed with 15% DDGS are reduced. Looking at the survival, the percentage survival obtained in this study was similar with studies using controlled environment (Novriadi, Roigé, & Segarra, 2022;Yaemsooksawat et al, 2009). Because all measured water quality parameters in this research were still within the acceptable range for growth and health condition of shrimp, the culture environment supported the survivability of shrimp during the culture period.…”

Immunoregulation and Resistance to Aquatic Pathogens with Dietary Nucleotides in Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

“…Shrimp production continues to grow globally and faces several challenges, at the same time aiming to align with blue transformation, whose target is to promote sustainable aquaculture ensuring food security and environmental sustainability [1]. According to what was observed in this trial and in prior research studies [16,23], nucleotides could contribute to that goal.…”

“…Prior publications demonstrate the benefits of Nucleoforce ® , a proprietary brand of a highly sustainable nucleotide-rich yeast extract from Saccharomyces cerevisiae developed by Bioiberica S.A.U. (Palafolls, Spain), in several animal species, including aquatic ones [8,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. In fact, yeast derivatives have been described as promising immunostimulants to control diseases in aquaculture [24,25].…”

“…In fact, yeast derivatives have been described as promising immunostimulants to control diseases in aquaculture [24,25]. The efficacy of Nucleoforce ® nucleotides in PWS has recently been further supported by two studies performed in Indonesia, showing a positive impact of nucleotide supplementation on performance, immune response, profitability and disease resistance against Vibrio harveyi [16,23]. Our research group hypothesized that they could also be beneficial for PWS in a production system based in Vietnam and supporting the immune health of shrimp against similar pathogens.…”

Tea Tree Oil Improves Energy Metabolism, Non-Specific Immunity, and Microbiota Diversity via the Intestine–Hepatopancreas Axis in Macrobrachium rosenbergii under Low Fish Meal Diet Administration

“…Replacing fish meal with vegetable protein in low fish meal diets resulted in hepatopancreatic damage (increased hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis), impaired development (downregulated expression of IGF-1 and IGF-2 signaling factors), and a decreased hepatosomatic ratio [6,7]. This may be due to impaired energy metabolism in the hepatopancreas [8,9]. Low fish meal diets substituted with plant proteins also affected intestinal barrier function and intestinal health [10].…”