Effects of different probiotics on the gut microbiome and metabolites in the serum and caecum of weaning piglets

Abstract

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of antibiotics, yeast culture (YC), and Lactobacillus culture (LC) on the gut microbiome and metabolites in the serum and caecum of weaning piglets. Twenty-four weaning piglets were divided into four treatment groups: control, antibiotic (1% chlortetracycline), 1.8% yeast culture (YC), and 1.6% Lactobacillus culture groups (LC). Each group had six replicated pens with one pig per pen. Feed and water were available ad libitum. Dietary supplementation with antibiotics, YC and LC increased the abundance of phylum, Firmicutes, and decreased the abundance of phylum, Proteobacteria. Beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Megasphaera in YC and LC groups increased, whereas the proportion of Shigella was decreased. Genera Alloprevotella and Lachnospira were biomarkers in the control and antibiotic groups, respectively. Phylum, Bacteroidetes, and genus, Collinsella, were biomarkers in the YC group, and Mitsuokella, Anaerotruncus, Syntrophococcus and Sharpea were biomarkers in the LC group. Dietary supplementation with different probiotics changed the serum and caecum metabolite profiles too. Antibiotic supplementation increased the levels of D-mannose, D-glucose, and hexadecanoic acid in the serum, and the levels of myo-inositol, D-mannose and benzenepropanoic acid in the caecum. LC increased the concentrations of D-mannose, cis-9-hexadecenoic acid and heptadecanoic acid in caecum compared with the control group. YC and LC supplementation in the weaning diet could improve the abundance of beneficial bacteria by changing the concentrations of some metabolites in the serum and caecum. Therefore, dietary supplementation with YC or LC could be used as additives instead of antibiotics in weaning piglets.

Mechanistic insights into rumen function promotion through yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) metabolites using in vitro and in vivo models

“…Different YC samples (15 mL) with five replicates were dried using a freeze drier (Alpha1-2LDplus, Martin Christ Gefriertrocknungsanlagen GmbH, Osterode am Harz, Germany) at −45°C for 36 h for metabolites analysis. The dried samples were accurately weighed (0.05 g) into 1.5 mL EP tubes for derivatization with bis (trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) following a previous study ( Chen et al, 2019 ). The samples were then subjected to detection via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS; Trace1300-ISQ7000, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, United States) with an HP-5MS capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm i.d.…”

Heat stress affects the milk yield, milk composition, serum oxidative status, and metabolites of Holstein cows during mid-lactation

“…Serum samples were prepared as described previously (Chen et al 2019). Milk (15 ml) was ultrasonically homogenised for 15 min, and a 100 μl sample was mixed with 250 μl methyl alcohol and 125 μl chloroform.…”

“…Each sample (1 μl) was injected into an Agilent 7890/5975C system (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) for GC-MS analysis. Detailed information regarding the fused silica capillary column, carrier gas, ion source, and temperature program was the same as that reported by Chen et al (2019).…”

Seasonal heat stress alters the milk yield, antioxidative levels and serum metabolites in primiparous and 3 multiparous dairy cows

“…Each sample (1 μl) was injected into an Agilent 7890/5975C system equipped with a fused silica capillary column (30.0 m × 0.25 mm i.d.) with a 0.25-μm HP-5MS stationary phase (Agilent, Shanghai, China) (Chen et al 2019). model was used to identify differences in metabolites.…”