Effects of different serotypes of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides on body temperature in rats

Dogan, M. Devrim; Ataoglu, Haluk; Akarsu, Eyüp S.

doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(00)00821-3

Cited by 61 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…Akarsu and Mamuk [21] examined hypothermic responses to two different E. coli serotypes of LPS intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 250 µg/kg in conscious biotelemetered rats. The E. coli LPS serotype 055:B5 elicited initial hypothermia and subsequent fever, whereas the E. coli LPS serotype 0111:B4 caused more potent monophasic hypothermia [22]. The variability of responses was attributed to the structure of LPS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Analysis of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sickness Behavior in Virgin and Lactating Female Rats

Nascimento

Bernardi

Pecorari

et al. 2013

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Objectives: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin that originates from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, activates the immune system to release proinflammatory cytokines and to induce sickness behavior. The present study sought to characterize the time-dependent effects of LPS on fever, body weight, and food and water consumption in female virgin and lactating rats exposed to an LPS dose previously reported to induce sickness behavior in pregnant female rats. Methods: Virgin female Wistar rats in the estrous phase and lactating female Wistar rats on the third day of lactation received 100 µg/kg LPS or saline solution. Tympanic temperature, body weight, and food and water consumption were assessed 0, 2, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after treatment. Results: In lactating female rats, tympanic temperature was attenuated compared with virgin females. Food consumption and body weight gain in both groups decreased, but lactating rats consumed more food than virgin rats. Water consumption increased at different time points. Conclusion: LPS exposure induced several signs of sickness behavior, including decreases in food consumption and body weight gain, and induced adipsia in both virgin and lactating female rats. Because the time course and profile of fever varied between lactating and nonlactating animals, these responses appeared to depend on the physiological state of female animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Analysis of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sickness Behavior in Virgin and Lactating Female Rats

Nascimento

Bernardi

Pecorari

et al. 2013

Neuroimmunomodulation

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“…Different serotypes of LPS may induce variable proinflammatory and thermoregulatory responses in adult rats. LPS is composed of lipid A, a core polysaccharide and peripheral O-antigenic chains, and it has been suggested that structural differences in LPS serotypes, such as a variable content of lipid A in different LPS serotypes, produce different inflammatory responses (31,32). Inflammatory cytokine responses after different LPS treatment may be stimulant dependent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipopolysaccharide Preconditioning Reduces Neuroinflammation Against Hypoxic Ischemia and Provides Long-Term Outcome of Neuroprotection in Neonatal Rat

2009

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Hypoxic ischemia (HI) in newborns causes long-term neurologic abnormalities. Systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is neuroprotective in neonatal rats when injected 24 h before HI. However, the effect on HI-induced neuroinflammation and the long-term outcome of LPS preconditioning in neonatal rats have not been examined. In a rat-pup HI model, compared with normal saline (NS), 0.3 mg/kg of LPS injected 24 h before HI greatly increased microglial cell and macrophage activation and up-regulated TNF-alpha and inducible NOS expression 12-h postinjection and resulted in high mortality during HI. In contrast, 0.05 mg/kg of LPS elicited very little microglia and macrophage activation and TNF-alpha and inducible NOS expression and resulted in low mortality. Given 24 h before HI, low-dose (0.05 mg/kg) LPS greatly reduced microglia and macrophage activation, TNF-alpha expression, and reactive oxygen species production 24-h post-HI compared with NS-treated rats. Rats in the low-dose LPS group also showed significantly better learning and memory and less brain damage in adulthood. Learning and memory performance among the LPS-HI, LPS, and NS groups was not significantly different. We conclude that low-dose LPS preconditioning in neonatal rats greatly reduces HI-induced neuroinflammation and provides long-term neuroprotection against behavioral and pathologic abnormalities. T wenty percent of newborns with hypoxic ischemia (HI) die and an additional 25% have long-term neurodevelopmental handicaps (1). Although hypothermia has been used to treat newborns with HI encephalopathy, there is no effective pharmacological therapy. Sublethal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, preconditioning, protects against subsequent lethal injury. Elucidating the neuroprotective mechanisms of LPS preconditioning may offer potential therapies against HI brain injury (2,3).Systemic LPS preconditioning (0.5 to 0.9 mg/kg) 48 to 72 h before ischemic insults protected adult rats against cerebral ischemia (4,5). LPS (0.3 or 1 mg/kg) sensitized neonatal Wistar rats and worsened HI brain injury when given 4, 6, or 72 h before HI (6). In contrast, 0.3 mg/kg of LPS 24 h before HI protected them (7,8). There are several neuroprotective preconditioning models for the neonatal brain (7,9 -13), but there are only few evaluations of long-term outcomes of LPS preconditioning at behavioral and pathologic levels.Inflammatory responses are important for developing neonatal HI brain injury (1). Up-regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is also critical in inducing HI damage in the neonatal brain (1,14). One study (15) of adult rats showed that low-dose (0.05 mg/kg) LPS pretreatment 24 h before transient middle-cerebral-artery occlusion decreased ischemic infarct size despite increases of inflammatory cells in the ischemic hemisphere. In contrast, another study (16) suggested that LPS (0.2 mg/kg) preconditioning 48 h before transient middlecerebral-artery occlusion suppressed neuroinflammatory responses. Although up-regulating endogenous corticost...

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“…LPS is the biologically-active fragment of endotoxin from gramnegative bacteria but is non-replicating. This dose and strain of LPS was used because it reliably induces physiological and behavioral symptoms of infection in Wistar rats (Bluthe et al, 2001;Dogan et al, 2000). During the 4 days prior to, and for 17 days after, injection treatments, body mass was determined, and the uneaten portion of the animal's food (including small crumbs on the cage floor) was weighed (± 0.1 g) each day between 16:00 and 17:00 h to determine daily food intake.…”

Section: Animals and General Housing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter day lengths enhance T lymphocyte phenotypes, inhibit cytokine responses, and attenuate behavioral symptoms of infection in laboratory rats

Prendergast¹,

Kampf-Lassin²,

Yee³

et al. 2007

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Annual variations in day length (photoperiod) trigger changes in the immune and reproductive system of seasonally-breeding animals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether photoperiodic changes in immunity depend on concurrent photoperiodic responses in the reproductive system, or whether immunological responses to photoperiod occur independent of reproductive responses. Here we report photoperiodic changes in enumerative, functional, and behavioral aspects of the immune system, and in immunomodulatory glucocorticoid secretion, in reproductively non-photoperiodic Wistar rats. T-cell numbers (CD3+, CD8+, CD8+CD25+, CD4+CD25+) were higher in the blood of rats housed in short as opposed to long day lengths for 10 weeks. Following a simulated bacterial infection (E. coli LPS; 125 μg/kg) the severity of several acute-phase sickness behaviors (anorexia, cachexia, neophobia, and social withdrawal) were attenuated in short days. LPS-stimulated IL-1β and IL-6 production were comparable between photoperiods, but plasma TNFα was higher in longday relative to short-day rats. In addition, corticosterone concentrations were higher in short-day relative to long-day rats. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that photoperiodic regulation of the immune system can occur entirely independently of photoperiodic regulation of the reproductive system. In the absence of concurrent reproductive responses, short days increase the numbers of leukocytes capable of immunosurveillance and inhibition of inflammatory responses, increase proinflammatory cytokine production, increase immunomodulatory glucocorticoid secretion, and ultimately attenuate behavioral responses to infection. Seasonal changes in the host immune system, endocrine system, and behavior may contribute to the seasonal variability in disease outcomes, even in reproductively non-photoperiodic mammals.

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Effects of different serotypes of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides on body temperature in rats

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Temporal Analysis of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sickness Behavior in Virgin and Lactating Female Rats

Temporal Analysis of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sickness Behavior in Virgin and Lactating Female Rats

Lipopolysaccharide Preconditioning Reduces Neuroinflammation Against Hypoxic Ischemia and Provides Long-Term Outcome of Neuroprotection in Neonatal Rat

Winter day lengths enhance T lymphocyte phenotypes, inhibit cytokine responses, and attenuate behavioral symptoms of infection in laboratory rats

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