Effects of different spray formulations on the reproductive parameters of engorged Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus females detached from experimentally infested cattle

Cruz, Breno Cayeiro; Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti; Maciel, W. J.; Bichuette, Murilo Abud; Felippelli, Gustavo; Teixeira, Weslen Fabrício Pires; Soares, Vando Edésio; Gomes, Lucas Vinícius Costa; Prando, Luciana; Campos, Gabriel Pimentel; Costa, Alvimar José da

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.09.010

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Studies indicate that arithmetic means should be used to calculate the efficacy indexes of a formulation against target parasites (Dobson et al, 2009;Vercruysse et al, 2011;Cruz et al, 2015b).…”

Section: Criteria For Diagnosis Of Susceptibility or Resistant/low Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…microplus control using chemical compounds was done mainly with macrocyclic lactones. However, the rising number of tick populations resistant to this acaricide family (Cruz et al, 2015a) caused the use of such compounds to diminish and, consequently, treatments of animals with different components, such as the benzoylphenyl ureas, to increase (Cruz et al, 2015b;Gomes et al, 2015), which motivated even further the conduction of the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to fluazuron (2.5 mg/kg) and a combination of novaluron (2.0 mg/kg) + eprinomectin (0.36 mg/kg) in field studies in Brazil

Maciel

Lopes

Gomes

et al. 2016

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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The present study aimed to determine the susceptibility of 32 R. (B.) microplus populations from Southeast, Midwest and South regions of Brazil, to fluazuron (2.5mg/kg), administered topically (pour-on). Additionally, five populations (Southeast and Midwest regions) of the southern cattle tick were evaluated using in vivo field studies, regarding their susceptibility to a new combination of novaluron (2.0mg/kg)+eprinomectin (0.36mg/kg), administered subcutaneously, compared with two positive controls (fluazuron 2.5mg/kg and eprinomectin 0.5mg/kg), both administered topically (pour-on). Selected bovines were allocated to treatment groups on day 0, and block formation was based on arithmetic means of female ticks (4.5-8.0mm long) counted on three consecutive days (-3, -2 and -1). To evaluate therapeutic and residual efficacies of these formulations, tick counts (females ranging from 4.5 to 8.0mm long) were performed on days 3, 7 and 14 post-treatment, continuing on a weekly basis until the end of each experiment. Results obtained throughout this study, utilizing field efficacy trials, allowed us to conclude that four R. (B.) microplus populations (including two in the Southeast and two in the Midwest regions) could be diagnosed as resistant, or with low susceptibility, to fluazuron (2.5mg/kg). Such fact was detected in farms where owners applied products containing this active component on cattle for at least five years, with treatment intervals of 30-55days during the rainy season. Nonetheless, in vitro studies should be performed in order to reinforce in vivo results obtained on the present study. Regarding efficacy indexes obtained by the association of eprinomectin and the novel molecule novaluron against R. (B.) microplus, none of the trials managed to obtain efficacies superior to 48%. Such results, allied to data obtained by different researchers and previously published in literature, reinforce the perception that maybe these formulations containing novaluron, in the administered dosages and treatment routes, may not be effective tools for controlling R. (B.) microplus. However, future studies must be conducted in order to support such hypothesis. Additionally, all five R. (B.) microplus populations were diagnosed as resistant, or with low susceptibility, to eprinomectin (0.5mg/kg) as well. Even though fluazuron, administered topically (pour on), is still an excellent active principle to be used against R. (B.) microplus, resistance management strategies should be quickly implemented in order to keep selection pressure in Brazil at a minimum level for this compound.

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Section: Criteria For Diagnosis Of Susceptibility or Resistant/low Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to fluazuron (2.5 mg/kg) and a combination of novaluron (2.0 mg/kg) + eprinomectin (0.36 mg/kg) in field studies in Brazil

Maciel

Lopes

Gomes

et al. 2016

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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“…Os OE também são utilizados na indústria de alimentos, cosméticos e fármacos. Devido ao aumento da utilização dos OE e de seus compostos bioativos na agricultura, saúde humana e animal, a demanda por esses produtos tem aumentado nos últimos anos [18,72,78].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Essential Oils and Their Bioactive Compounds in the Control of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Small Ruminants

André

Ribeiro

Oliveira

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Gastrointestinal nematodes are one of the major health and economic problem of sheep and goats in the world. The control of these nematodes is carried out conventionally with synthetic anthelminths, which favored the selection of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) populations multiresistant to anthelmintics. The emergence of anthelmintic resistance has stimulated the search for new alternatives to control small ruminant GIN, standing out the use of plants and their bioactives compounds, such as essential oils (EO). The objective of this review was to present the main characteristics and anthelmintic activity of EO, their isolated compounds and drug delivery systems in the control of GIN.Review: Essential oils are a complex blend of bioactive compounds with volatile, lipophilic, usually odoriferous and liquid substances. EO are composed of terpenes, terpenoids, aromatic and aliphatic constituents. EO has various pharmacological activities of interest in preventive veterinary medicine such as antibacterials, antifungals, anticoccicids, insecticides and anthelmintics. In vitro and in vivo tests are used to validate the anthelmintic activity of EO on GIN. In vitro tests are low cost screening tests that allow the evaluation of the anthelmintic activity of a large amount of bioactive compounds on eggs, first (L1) and third stage larvae (L3), and adult nematodes. The antiparasitic effect of EO is related to its main compound or to the interaction of the compounds. These bioactive compounds penetrate the cuticle of the nematodes by transcuticular diffusion, altering the mechanisms of locomotion, besides causing cuticular lesions. Following in vitro evaluation, the acute and sub-chronic toxicity test should be performed to assess the toxicity of the bioactive compounds and to define the dose to be used in in vivo tests. In vivo tests are more reliable because the anthelmintic effectiveness of bioactive compounds is evaluated after the metabolization process. The metabolization process of the bioactive compounds can generate metabolites that exhibit or not anthelmintic effectiveness. The in vivo tests assessing the anthelmintic effectiveness of bioactive compounds in sheep and goats are the fecal egg count reduction test and the controlled test. OE promoted reduction of egg elimination in faeces which may be related to cuticular and reproductive alterations in GIN, and reduction of parasite burden in in vivo tests. Due to the promising results obtained with OE in the in vivo tests, interest has been aroused in using nanotechnology as an alternative to increase the bioavailability of OE and consequently, potentializing its anthelmintic effect, reducing the dose and toxicity of the biocompounds. In addition to nanotechnology, the isolation and chemical modification of compounds isolated from OE have been employed to obtain new molecules with anthelmintic action and understand the mechanism of action of EO on the small ruminant GIN.Conclusion: The use of EO and their compound bioactive in the control of resistant populations of GIN is a promising alternative. The adoption of strategies in which natural products can replace synthetic anthelmintics, such as in dry periods and use synthetic anthelmintics in the rainy season when the population in refugia in the pasture is high, thus reducing the dissemination of GIN resistant populations. As perspective, the evaluation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these natural products should be performed so that one defines treatment protocols that optimize the anthelmintic effect.

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“…The control of this agent represents a main concern and relies on both chemical and non-chemical treatments. Conventional control is based on chemical acaricides ( Cruz et al, 2015 ), however repeated administrations of these compounds may induce resistance in tick population ( Klafke et al, 2017 ). Moreover these drugs contaminate the environment as well as meat and, in dairy cows, milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria to Plants Secondary Metabolites, for an Alternative Control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Cattle

et al. 2018

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Boophilus (Rhipicephalus) microplus is a one host hard tick widespread in warm climates worldwide, responsible for great economic losses. To avoid resistance in ticks population, induced by the repeated administration of conventional acaricides and/or the presence of residues in the environment in meat and in milk, an alternative approach can be achieved using entomopathogenic microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria, or essential oils (EOs). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro sensitivity of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Scopulariopsis sp, Bacillus thuringiensis and Proteus mirabilis to Eucalyptus globulus, Lavandula hybrida, Pelargonium graveolens EOs and to their main constituents such as lynalool, linalyl-acetate, geraniol, citronellol and 1,8 cineole. EOs has been chemically characterized by GC-MS. Fungal isolates were tested by a microdilution assay to achieve minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both EOs and main components. The sensitivity of bacteria was evaluated by an agar disk diffusion. The results obtained show the feasibility of an integrate approach for an eco-friendly control of R. microplus by use of both entomopathogenic fungi and P. graveolens EO. L. hybrida could be an interesting alternative when B. bassiana is not employed. Conversely, a combined use of B. thuringiensis and EOs would not be advisable in the integrate control of ticks.

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Effects of different spray formulations on the reproductive parameters of engorged Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus females detached from experimentally infested cattle

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Susceptibility of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to fluazuron (2.5 mg/kg) and a combination of novaluron (2.0 mg/kg) + eprinomectin (0.36 mg/kg) in field studies in Brazil

Susceptibility of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to fluazuron (2.5 mg/kg) and a combination of novaluron (2.0 mg/kg) + eprinomectin (0.36 mg/kg) in field studies in Brazil

Essential Oils and Their Bioactive Compounds in the Control of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Small Ruminants

Sensitivity of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria to Plants Secondary Metabolites, for an Alternative Control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Cattle

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