Effects of electronic cigarette aerosol exposure on oral and systemic health

Almeida-da-Silva, Cássio Luiz Coutinho; Dakafay, Harmony Matshik; O'Brien, Kenji; Montierth, Dallin; Xiao, Nan; Ojcius, David M.

doi:10.1016/j.bj.2020.07.003

Cited by 51 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Cigarette smoke is harmful [ 1 ] for oral [ 2 , 8 , 37 ] and systemic health [ 2 , 5 , 38 , 39 ] in humans. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 articles describing 11,322 COVID-19 patients showed a link between history of smoking and severe cases of COVID-19 [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smoking harms nearly every organ in the body, and remains the leading cause of preventable disease, disability, and death in the United States [ 1 , 2 ]. Even though the current smoking rates have been declining, in 2019 approximately 34.1 million Americans were currently smoking [ 3 ], especially in the Midwest and South of the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cigarette Smoke Stimulates SARS-CoV-2 Internalization by Activating AhR and Increasing ACE2 Expression in Human Gingival Epithelial Cells

Almeida-da-Silva

Dakafay

Liu

et al. 2021

IJMS

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A large body of evidence shows the harmful effects of cigarette smoke to oral and systemic health. More recently, a link between smoking and susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was proposed. COVID-19 is due to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which uses the receptor ACE2 and the protease TMPRSS2 for entry into host cells, thereby infecting cells of the respiratory tract and the oral cavity. Here, we examined the effects of cigarette smoke on the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors and infection in human gingival epithelial cells (GECs). We found that cigarette smoke condensates (CSC) upregulated ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in GECs, and that CSC activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling in the oral cells. ACE2 was known to mediate SARS-CoV-2 internalization, and we demonstrate that CSC treatment potentiated the internalization of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in GECs in an AhR-dependent manner. AhR depletion using small interference RNA decreased SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus internalization in CSC-treated GECs compared with control GECs. Our study reveals that cigarette smoke upregulates SARS-CoV-2 receptor expression and infection in oral cells. Understanding the mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells of the oral cavity may suggest therapeutic interventions for preventing viral infection and transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoke Stimulates SARS-CoV-2 Internalization by Activating AhR and Increasing ACE2 Expression in Human Gingival Epithelial Cells

Almeida-da-Silva

Dakafay

Liu

et al. 2021

IJMS

Self Cite

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“…The spotlight of this Biomedical Journal issues goes to a highly informative review by Almeida-da-Silva et al., who summarise the current knowledge regarding risk factors and health effects of e-cigarettes compared to traditional cigarettes [ 13 ] [ Fig. 1 ].…”

Section: Spotlight On Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Without surprises, numerous studies have shown that traditional smoking correlates with modifications to the oral, lung, and gut microbiome, as well as with related diseases such as Crohn's disease and periodontitis [ 16 , 17 ]. Here, the authors focus specifically on the oral microbiome, although the currently available studies have not yet come to a consensus about the effect of e-cigarette use [ 13 ].…”

Section: Spotlight On Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…question the claim that e-cigarettes could serve as a means to quit smoking, under which they were initially marketed in some countries [ 11 ]. They emphasise that the discrepancies between studies are strongly correlated to different levels of restriction-enforcements and public perception of e-cigarette consumption, taking the USA and the UK as examples [ 13 ].…”

Section: Spotlight On Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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This is not a pipe – But how harmful is electronic cigarette smoke

Häfner

2021

Biomedical Journal

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This issue of the Biomedical Journal tells us about the risks of electronic cigarette smoking, variations of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2, and how COVID-19 affects the gastrointestinal system. Moreover, we learn that cancer immunotherapy seems to work well in elderly patients, how thyroid hormones regulate noncoding RNAs in a liver tumour context, and that G6PD is a double-edged sword of redox signalling. We also discover that Perilla leaf extract could inhibit SARS-CoV-2, that artificial neural networks can diagnose COVID-19 patients and predict vaccine epitopes on the Epstein–Barr Virus, and that men and women have differential inflammatory responses to physical effort. Finally, the surgical strategies for drug-resistant epilepsy, computer-supervised double-jaw surgery, dental pulp stem cell motility, and the restitution of the brain blood supply after atherosclerotic stroke are discussed.

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Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on the Upper Aerodigestive Tract: A Comprehensive Review for Otolaryngology Providers

2023

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Objective The use and effects of electronic (e)‐cigarettes (e‐cigs) are particularly relevant for otolaryngology providers as tobacco plays a major role in benign and malignant diseases of the upper aerodigestive tract. This review aims to (1) summarize the recent policies regarding e‐cigs and important patterns of use and (2) serve as a comprehensive resource for clinical providers on the known biologic and clinical effects of e‐cigs on the upper aerodigestive tract. Data Sources PubMed/MEDLINE. Review Methods We conducted a narrative review on (1) general information on e‐cig use and informative findings in the lower respiratory system and a comprehensive review on (2) the effects of e‐cigs on cell and animal models and the clinical implications of these products on human health as is relevant to otolaryngology. Conclusions Although e‐cigs are likely less harmful than conventional cigarettes, preliminary research on e‐cigs suggest several deleterious effects including in the upper aerodigestive tract. Due to this, there has been increased interest in restricting e‐cig usage, particularly among the adolescent population, and caution in recommending e‐cigs to current smokers. Implications for Practice Chronic e‐cig use is likely to have clinical implications. It is critical for otolaryngology providers to be aware of the rapidly changing regulations and use patterns regarding e‐cigs and how e‐cigs influence human health, particularly with regards to the upper aerodigestive tract, to accurately council patients regarding potential risks and benefits of use.

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Effects of electronic cigarette aerosol exposure on oral and systemic health

Cited by 51 publications

References 82 publications

Cigarette Smoke Stimulates SARS-CoV-2 Internalization by Activating AhR and Increasing ACE2 Expression in Human Gingival Epithelial Cells

Cigarette Smoke Stimulates SARS-CoV-2 Internalization by Activating AhR and Increasing ACE2 Expression in Human Gingival Epithelial Cells

This is not a pipe – But how harmful is electronic cigarette smoke

Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on the Upper Aerodigestive Tract: A Comprehensive Review for Otolaryngology Providers

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