Effects of elevated [CO2] and O3 on stomatal and surface wax characteristics in leaves of pubescent birch grown under field conditions

), at elevated temperature (ambient + 2·8-6·2 ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ C depending on the time of the year) and in a combination of elevated CO 2 and temperature in closed-top chambers. The treatments were started in August 1996. At elevated temperature, the needles that were grown in the first year (i.e. the 1997 cohort) were thinner, had thinner mesophyll in the abaxial side, thinner vascular cylinder and lower stomatal density than those grown at ambient temperature. The proportion of mesophyll area occupied by vascular cylinder or intercellular spaces were not changed. Lower stomatal density apparently did not lead to decreased use of water, as these needles had higher concentrations of less mobile nutrients (Ca, Mg, B, Zn and Mn), which could indicate increased total transpiration. In the 1997 and 1998 cohorts, elevation of temperature decreased concentrations of N, P, K, S and Cu. In the 1999 cohort, contradictory, higher concentrations of N and S at elevated temperature may be related to increased nutrient mineralization in the soil. Elevation of CO 2 did not affect stomatal density, needle thickness, thickness of epidermis or hypodermis, vascular cylinder or intercellular spaces. Concentrations of N, P, S and Cu decreased at elevated CO 2 . Reductions were transient and most distinct in the 1997 cohort. The effects of CO 2 and temperature were in some cases interactive, which meant that in the combined treatment stomatal density decreased less than at elevated temperature, and concentrations of nutrients decreased less than expected on the basis of separate treatments, whereas the thickness of the epidermis and hypodermis decreased more than in the separate treatments. In conclusion, alterations in the anatomy and stomatal density of Scots pine needles were more distinct at elevated temperature than at elevated CO 2 . Both elevated CO 2 and temperature-induced changes in nutrient concentrations that partly corresponded to the biochemical and photosynthetic alterations in the same cohorts (

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“…Reddy et al. 1998; Vanhatalo, Huttunen & Bäck 2001) to decreases (e.g. Ferris & Taylor 1994; Ferris et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO₂ and temperature

Luomala

Laitinen

Sutinen

et al. 2005

Plant Cell & Environment

143

124

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“…The inland, slower-growing clone benefited from elevated CO 2 , whereas in the coastal, faster-growing clone, reductions in biomass accumulation (up to 72%) and other growth parameters were seen. However, the mean stomatal size of the coastal clone increased in CO 2 (Vanhatalo et al 2001). The changes in biomass growth were accompanied by decreased specific leaf area due to CO 2 + O 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Differential impacts of long-term (CO2) and O3 exposure on growth of northern conifer and deciduous tree species

Vanhatalo

Bäck

Huttunen

2003

Trees

Self Cite

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The long-term effects of elevated CO 2 and CO 2 +O 3 concentrations on the growth allocation in northern provenances of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.], Scots pine [Pinus sylvestris (L.)] and pubescent birch clones (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) were examined in open-top chambers after a 4-year-long experiment. The total biomass responses of the tree seedlings to increased CO 2 and CO 2 +O 3 concentrations were not statistically significant and varied between the provenances and species. The seedlings of northern origin were the least sensitive in their response to treatments. The total biomass of the Norway spruce seedlings slightly decreased in response to CO 2 in three provenances. Scots pine from the local provenance had a slight biomass increase after elevated CO 2 +O 3 treatment. The slowergrowing birch clone seemed to benefit from elevated CO 2 , whereas in the faster-growing clone, reductions in biomass accumulation were seen. The combined CO 2 +O 3 treatment reduced the positive effects of elevated CO 2 , especially in the slower-growing birches. Observations of significant effects were limited to a few parameters. Carbon dioxide treatment decreased needle dry weight of Norway spruce in one northern provenance. The needle and wood dry weight increased (CO 2 + O 3 ) in local Scots pine. Significant birch response was limited to increased fine root density (O 3 + CO 2 ) in the inland clone. The diverse effects of elevated CO 2 and CO 2 +O 3 on seedling growth and biomass provide evidence that exposure of northern trees to the enhanced variable CO 2 and O 3 concentrations of the future will have varied effects on the growth of these species. The direction and magnitude of those effects will differ depending on species and origins.

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“…Prior et al (1997) também não observaram efeito do CO 2 sobre a quantidade de cera em Pinus palustris. Entretanto, a quantidade de cera foliar aumentou em Betula pubescens cultivada em ambiente enriquecido com CO 2 e CO 2 +O 3 (Vanhatalo et al, 2001). Quantidades maiores de cera foram observadas apenas em concentração de CO 2 acima de 750 µmol mol -1 , o que indica que, a concentrações menores do gás, a variação natural da cera epicuticular mascara os efeitos positivos do CO 2 (Paoletti et al,1998).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Impacto do aumento da concentração atmosférica de dióxido de carbono sobre a ferrugem e o crescimento do cafeeiro

Tozzi

Ghini

2016

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do aumento da concentração de dióxido de carbono atmosférico sobre o crescimento de plantas e a severidade da ferrugem (causada por Hemileia vastatrix) em cafeeiro (Coffea arabica). Utilizaram-se as cultivares 'Obatã IAC 1669-20' e 'Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144', moderadamente resistente e suscetível à doença, respectivamente. Os tratamentos consistiram de 400 e 508 μmol mol -1 de CO 2 atmosférico, em dois tipos de estufas de topo aberto (OTC). As plantas das duas cultivares, cultivadas nas OTCs com adição de CO 2 , apresentaram aumento de área foliar, e da taxa de crescimento em altura e em diâmetro do caule, em comparação às plantas cultivadas em estufas à concentração ambiente de CO 2 ; porém, as cultivares não diferiram quanto ao teor de cera das folhas. Em 'Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144', a severidade da ferrugem diminuiu com o aumento da concentração de CO 2 , quanto ao número de lesões, área foliar lesionada, número de lesões esporuladas, área lesionada esporulada, percentagem de área foliar lesionada e área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença; no entanto, em 'Obatã IAC 1669-20', a severidade da doença não variou. A incidência de folhas lesionadas por planta, o período latente, a germinação de urediniósporos e a formação de apressórios não são alterados, à dose de 508 μmol mol -1 de CO 2 , em ambas as cultivares.Termos para indexação: Coffea arabica, Hemileia vastatrix, aquecimento global, CO 2 , mudanças climáticas. Impact of increasing atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide on coffee leaf rust and coffee plant growthAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of increasing the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide on plant growth and leaf rust severity (caused by Hemileia vastatrix) on coffee (Coffea arabica). The 'Obatã IAC 1669-20' and 'Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144' cultivars, moderately resistant and susceptible to the disease, respectively, were used. The treatments consisted of 400 and 508 μmol mol -1 atmospheric CO 2 , in two types of open-top chambers (OTC). Plants of the two cultivars, grown in OTCs with addition of CO 2 , showed increased leaf area, and increased growth rate of height and stem diameter, in comparison with plants in OTCs with ambient CO 2 concentration; however, the cultivars did not differ for leaf-wax content. On 'Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144', rust severity reduced at increased CO 2 concentration, for number of lesions, lesioned leaf area, number of sporulated lesions, sporulated leaf area, percentage of lesioned area, and area under disease progress curve; however, on 'Obatã IAC 1669-20', the disease severity did not vary. The incidence of lesioned leaves per plant, latent period, urediniospore germinations, and appressorium formation are not changed by the 508 μmol mol -1 CO 2 dose in both cultivars.

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Effects of elevated [CO2] and O3 on stomatal and surface wax characteristics in leaves of pubescent birch grown under field conditions

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO₂ and temperature

Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO₂ and temperature

Differential impacts of long-term (CO2) and O3 exposure on growth of northern conifer and deciduous tree species

Impacto do aumento da concentração atmosférica de dióxido de carbono sobre a ferrugem e o crescimento do cafeeiro

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Effects of elevated [CO2] and O3 on stomatal and surface wax characteristics in leaves of pubescent birch grown under field conditions

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO2 and temperature

Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO2 and temperature

Differential impacts of long-term (CO2) and O3 exposure on growth of northern conifer and deciduous tree species

Impacto do aumento da concentração atmosférica de dióxido de carbono sobre a ferrugem e o crescimento do cafeeiro

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Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO₂ and temperature

Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO₂ and temperature