Effects of environmental and occupational lead toxicity and its association with iron metabolism

Słota, Michał; Wąsik, Marta; Stołtny, Tomasz; Machoń-Grecka, Anna; Kasperczyk, Sławomir

doi:10.1016/j.taap.2021.115794

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Interestingly, male children exhibited a higher incidence of low hemoglobin levels than their female peers, which may be attributed to their younger age. Studies have shown that iron deficiency and elevated blood lead levels have the strongest correlation in young children aged between 1 to 2 years, with weaker associations in older adolescents [4]. The high incidence of low hemoglobin levels among male children in Shadi Pura may be indicative of the need for further investigation and intervention to prevent and manage iron deficiency anemia in this population Based on our data, the lead-exposed population displayed an elevated RBC count, with the most notable effect observed among males, as indicated by both the proportion of affected individuals, which accounted for 31% of the male population and the mean RBC count.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, this observation may be attributed to the lower median age of the former group. Notably, studies on the correlation between iron deficiency and elevated blood lead levels have established their utmost significance in young children aged between 1 to 2 years, with weaker associations in older adolescents [4].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Anemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Słota et al . [4] systematically reviewed the literature to study the association between lead poisoning and the body’s constitutive iron status. The systematic analysis included a comprehensive review of various epidemiological studies that examined several iron status markers, including hemoglobin, ferritin, serum iron, and total iron binding capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poisoned in Their Homes- Red Blood Cell Abnormalities in Lead-Exposed Residents of a Pakistani Industrial Zone

Shah

Shoaib

Iqbal

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The present study investigated the clinical and hematological effects of chronic lead exposure in the population residing in Shadi Pura, a small industrial zone in Lahore, Pakistan. A cross-sectional analysis of 149 participants recruited through health camps was conducted to explore the hematological manifestations of environmental lead exposure, focusing on various red blood cell (RBC) indices and morphology. Moreover, the study examined the differences in the impact of lead exposure on RBC indices and morphology between men, women, and children. Participants exhibited symptoms of lead poisoning, including fatigue, muscle pain, and headache, with a significant percentage of women (44%) reporting miscarriages. Iron deficiency anemia was highly prevalent among all sub-groups of the study population, with adult females showing a significantly higher prevalence than adult males. Male children were the most affected subgroup, with 93% displaying anemia. The RBC count in children remained unchanged, while 31% of male and 7% of female participants displayed elevated RBC counts. RBC indices, mainly mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), were below normal levels, with children being more affected than adults and adult males being the least affected group. Furthermore, RBC morphology was severely affected, with a considerable proportion of females and children displaying hypochromic microcytic morphology. Our results highlight variations in the hematological impacts of lead exposure in different gender and age cohorts. Overall our findings underscore the urgency of addressing the issue of environmental lead exposure in similar industrial zones. It is critical to implement appropriate measures to reduce lead exposure and enhance the infrastructure for safe drinking water and waste disposal to protect the health of populations in such areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Of Anemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poisoned in Their Homes- Red Blood Cell Abnormalities in Lead-Exposed Residents of a Pakistani Industrial Zone

Shah

Shoaib

Iqbal

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Competition of Pb with Ca, less pronounced with Zn and Fe, disrupts the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and NMDAR-mediated calcium signaling involved in learning, memory and synaptic plasticity [ 15 , 92 ]. Hepatic associations of Pb with Cu, Fe and Zn, seen in our two large carnivores, may result from competition for the same binding sites on intestinal metal ion transporters (e.g., DMT1), which issues enhanced Pb absorption in conditions of Fe or Zn deficiency [ 15 , 84 , 93 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead and Other Trace Element Levels in Brains of Croatian Large Terrestrial Carnivores: Influence of Biological and Ecological Factors

Lazarus

Sekovanić²,

Reljić³

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Trace element pollution can adversely affect the brains of individuals and thus impact the entire population of apex predators, such as large European carnivores. We assessed exposure to prominent neurotoxicants As, Cd, Hg and Pb by measuring their brain stem levels in brown bears (n = 114), grey wolves (n = 8), Eurasian lynx (n = 3), and golden jackals (n = 2) sampled in 2015–2022 in Croatia. The highest of the non-essential elements was the Pb level in the bearsʼ brains (median, Q1-Q3; 11.1, 7.13–24.1 μg/kg wet mass), with 4% of animals, all subadults, exceeding the established normal bovine levels (100 μg/kg wet mass). Species-specific differences were noted for Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Se brain levels. Female brown bears had higher As brain levels than males. Cubs and yearlings had lower brain Cd, but higher Zn, while subadults had higher Cu than adult bears. Hepatic As, Cd, Cu and Hg levels were shown to be a moderate proxy for estimating brain levels in bears (rS = 0.30–0.69). Multiple associations of As, Cd, Hg and Pb with essential elements pointed to a possible interaction and disturbance of brain Ca, Cu, Fe, Se and Zn homeostasis. Non-essential element levels in the brains of four studied species were lower than reported earlier for terrestrial meso-carnivores and humans. The age and sex of animals were highlighted as essential factors in interpreting brain element levels in ecotoxicological studies of large carnivores.

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“…Lead has become a ubiquitous heavy metal globally . On accumulation in significant quantities in the soft tissues such as the brain, kidneys, heart, and so forth, it can interact with the physiologically active groups of different proteins and hence incapacitate their biological functions, which result in serious health hazards such as hematological effects (anemia), nephrotoxicity (interstitial nephritis), cardiovascular effects (hypertension), neurological effects (lead encephalopathy), and so forth. − Mercury in its inorganic form [Hg(II)] is severely toxic to living organisms, and the startling consideration that other forms of mercury are convertible to the insidiously toxic divalent form via “biomethylation” keeps the researchers on their toes for controlling mercury accretion in the environment . Significant concentrations of mercury in the body impairs enzymatic activity and causes mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress, thereby resulting in complications such as hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and so forth. − Therefore, a constant need to confirm the presence of such toxic and non-biodegradable heavy metal ions in the environment becomes indispensable to keep their accumulation in the environment well within the permissible limits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CuAAC-Derived Selective Fluorescent Probe as a Recognition Agent for Pb(II) and Hg(II): DFT and Docking Studies

et al. 2022

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Copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne−azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) is a resourceful and stereospecific methodology that has considerably yielded promising 1,2,3-triazole-appended "click" scaffolds with the potential for selective metal ion recognition. Based on "click" methodology, this report presents a chemosensor probe (TCT) based on 4-tert-butylcatechol architecture, via the CuAAC pathway, as a selective and efficient sensor for Pb(II) and Hg(II) ions, categorized as the most toxic and alarming environmental contaminants among the heavy metal ions. The synthesized probe was successfully characterized by spectroscopy [IR and NMR ( 1 H and 13 C)] and mass spectrometry. The chemosensing study performed in acetonitrile/water (4:1) solvent media, via UV−vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, established its selective sensitivity for Pb(II) and Hg(II) species among the list of explored metal ions with the limits of detection being 8.6 and 11 μM, respectively. Additionally, the 1 H NMR and IR spectra of the synthesized TCT−metal complex also confirmed the metal− ligand binding. Besides, the effect of time and temperature on the binding ability of TCT with Pb(II) and Hg(II) was also studied via UV−vis spectroscopy. Furthermore, density functional theory studies put forward the structural comprehension of the sensor by availing the hybrid density functional (B3LYP)/6311G++(d,p) basis set of theory which was subsequently utilized for investigating its anti-inflammatory potential by performing docking analysis with human leukotriene b4 protein.

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Effects of environmental and occupational lead toxicity and its association with iron metabolism

Cited by 37 publications

References 87 publications

Poisoned in Their Homes- Red Blood Cell Abnormalities in Lead-Exposed Residents of a Pakistani Industrial Zone

Poisoned in Their Homes- Red Blood Cell Abnormalities in Lead-Exposed Residents of a Pakistani Industrial Zone

Lead and Other Trace Element Levels in Brains of Croatian Large Terrestrial Carnivores: Influence of Biological and Ecological Factors

CuAAC-Derived Selective Fluorescent Probe as a Recognition Agent for Pb(II) and Hg(II): DFT and Docking Studies

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