Effects of Ethanol Consumption on Periodontal Inflammation in Rats

Abstract

Studies suggest a correlation between ethanol consumption and periodontal disease. We hypothesized that elevated levels of blood reactive oxygen species following ethanol consumption may increase inflammation in periodontal tissue. Rats were divided into 4 groups (6-7 rats/group). Two groups were fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet, and 2 groups were fed a pair-fed control diet. In one of each dietary group, periodontitis was ligature-induced, while the other group was left unligated. Chronic ethanol feeding alone decreased the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione and increased 8-hydroxydeoxy-guanosine and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels in the gingiva. Blood hydroperoxides were also increased. In ligature-induced periodontitis lesions, ethanol feeding enhanced polymorpho-nuclear leukocyte infiltration and TNF-alpha expression. The results suggest that chronic alcohol consumption increased periodontal inflammation, oxidative damage, and TNF-alpha production and had an additive effect on polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration and gingival oxidative damage, increasing the severity of periodontal inflammation in the ligature model.

Effects of periodontitis on aortic insulin resistance in an obese rat model

“…19,22,49 We confirmed these findings in the periodontitis group. The number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in our study (6.8 (1.1) numbers/0.05 mm  0.1 mm) was similar to that (7.4 (1.7) numbers/0.05 mm  0.1 mm) of the previous studies.…”

“…A cotton ligature was placed in a subgingival position of the mandibular first molars. 22 For evaluating the phosphorylation of Akt (p-Akt) at Ser473 occurring at the insulin signal-transduction pathway, 12 Zucker fatty rats; the control (n ¼ 6 out of 12) and periodontitis (n ¼ 6 out of 12) groups, further received insulin administration. 23 In these rats, 0.1 ml of saline (0.9% NaCl) with insulin (50 IU/kg) (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) was injected through the cava vein at the end of experimental period.…”

“…Immunohistochemical staining of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) was carried out using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method. 22 The goat polyclonal antibody against TNF-a (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was diluted 1:200 in phosphate-buffered saline. The color was developed with 3-3 0 -diamino bentizine tetrahydrochloride (DAB), and sections were counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin.…”

“…24 The number of TNF-a-positive fibroblasts and total fibroblasts in five standard areas (0.1 mm  0.1 mm each) adjacent to the cementum within the periodontal ligament were determined, and the ratios of TNF-a-positive fibroblasts to total fibroblasts were calculated. 22 …”

Ethanol influence on gingival fibroblasts – a real-time in vitro study

“…Alcohol significantly reduced cell viability and increased reactive oxygen species in oral fibroblasts [6]. In animal models, alcohol consumption increased gingival oxidative damage and the production of TNF-α in periodontal ligament fibroblasts [23]. Decreasing cell viability in response to increasing alcohol concentration was dosedependent.…”