Effects of exercise and poor indoor air quality on learning, memory and blood IGF-1 in adolescent mice

Uysal, Nazan; Kıray, Müge; Şişman, Ali Rιza; Baykara, Başak; Aksu, İlkay; Dayı, Ayfer; Gençoğlu, Celal; Evren, Merve; Büyük, Erkan; Çetin, Ferihan; Açıkgöz, Osman

doi:10.3109/10520295.2013.825318

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Accumulating evidence indicates that the effect of exercise on brain activity may be mediated by IGF‐1 . Therefore, we measured IGF‐1 levels in both plasma and the hippocampus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accumulating evidence indicates that the effect of exercise on brain activity may be mediated by IGF-1. [38][39][40][41] Therefore, we measured IGF-F I G U R E 5 Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) promotes nuclear localization of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to enhance PSMB5 transcription. A, After 2-week running, nuclear expression of Nrf2 was significantly increased in hippocampus (n = 6).…”

Section: Igf-1 Signaling Stimulates Proteasome Activity To Promote mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proteasome activation by insulin-like growth factor-1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling promotes exercise-induced neurogenesis

et al. 2019

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Physical exercise-induced enhancement of learning and memory and alleviation of agerelated cognitive decline in humans have been widely acknowledged. However, the mechanistic relationship between exercise and cognitive improvement remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that exercise-elicited cognitive benefits were accompanied by adaptive hippocampal proteasome activation. Voluntary wheel running increased hippocampal proteasome activity in adult and middle-aged mice, contributing to an acceleration of neurogenesis that could be reversed by intrahippocampal injection of the proteasome inhibitor MG132. We further found that increased levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in both serum and hippocampus may be essential for exerciseinduced proteasome activation. Our in vitro study demonstrated that IGF-1 stimulated proteasome activity in cultured adult neural progenitor cells (NPCs) by promoting nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), followed by elevated expressions of proteasome subunits such as PSMB5. In contrast, pretreating adult mice with the selective IGF-1R inhibitor picropodophyllin diminished exercise-induced neurogenesis, concurrent with reduced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and proteasome activity.Likewise, lowering Nrf2 expression by RNA interference with bilateral intrahippocampal injections of recombinant adeno-associated viral particles significantly suppressed exercise-induced proteasome activation and attenuated cognitive function. Collectively, our work demonstrates that proteasome activation in hippocampus through IGF-1/Nrf2 signaling is a key adaptive mechanism underlying exercise-related neurogenesis, which may serve as a potential targetable pathway in neurodegeneration. K E Y W O R D Sadult neurogenesis, exercise, insulin-like growth factor-1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, neural progenitor cell, proteasome

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“…Accumulating evidence indicates that the effect of exercise on brain activity may be mediated by IGF‐1 . Therefore, we measured IGF‐1 levels in both plasma and the hippocampus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Igf-1 Signaling Stimulates Proteasome Activity To Promote mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteasome activation by insulin-like growth factor-1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling promotes exercise-induced neurogenesis

et al. 2019

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“…Low indoor air quality in classrooms is well known to be associated with a negative impact on the learning capacity of school children [15,16,76]. To establish whether this only indicates a short-term effect or possible substantial damage to brain function, a study in mice was performed and published [81]. Adolescent mice were exposed 24 hours a day for 7 weeks to a level of 0.3% carbon dioxide, but with normal atmospheric levels of oxygen [81].…”

Section: Neurotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To establish whether this only indicates a short-term effect or possible substantial damage to brain function, a study in mice was performed and published [81]. Adolescent mice were exposed 24 hours a day for 7 weeks to a level of 0.3% carbon dioxide, but with normal atmospheric levels of oxygen [81]. At the end of the study a so-called water maze exercise was performed.…”

Section: Neurotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible toxicity of chronic carbon dioxide exposure associated with mask use, particularly in pregnant women, children and adolescents -a scoping review

Kisielinski¹,

Wagner

Hirsch

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Literature was systematically reviewed regarding CO exposure and facemask use. Observational and experimental data are helpful for a risk-benefit assessment for masks as a popular non-pharmaceutical intervention against SARS-CoV2 in the populace. Masks impede breathing by increasing the resistance and dead space volume leading to a re-breathing of CO with every breath taken. Fresh air has around 0.04% CO, while wearing masks more than 5 minutes bears a possible chronic exposure to carbon dioxide of 1.41% to 3.2% of the inhaled air. Although the buildup is usually within the short-term exposure limits, long-term consequences must be considered due to experimental data. US Navy toxicity experts set the exposure limits for submarines carrying female crews to 0.8% CO based on animal studies indicating an increased risk for stillbirths. Additionally, in mammals chronically exposed to 0.3% CO experimental data demonstrates teratogenicity with irreversible damage of neurons and reduced spatial learning caused by brainstem neuron apoptosis and a reduced blood level of the insulin-like growth factor 1. With significant impact on three readout parameters (morphological, functional, marker) this chronic 0.3% CO exposure has to be defined as being toxic. Additional data exists on the exposure of chronic 0.3% CO in adolescent mammals causing neuron destruction, which includes less activity, increased anxiety and impaired learning and memory. There is a possible negative impact risk by imposing extended mask mandates especially for vulnerable subgroups. Circumstantial evidence exists that extended mask use may be related to current observations of stillbirths and to reduced verbal motor and overall cognitive performance in children born during the pandemic. Extended masking in pregnant women, children and adolescents has not been thoroughly tested and studied. As a result of the animal experimental data available, a risk-benefit analysis is urgent and a need exists to rethink mask mandates, which provide appropriate warnings.

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“…Other effects of exercising in polluted air were observed as well. The impairment of spatial learning and memory by air pollution was not rescued by exercise, pointing to a permanent negative effect on the hippocampus [ 130 ]. Cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke can be considered as a kind of air pollution as many of the toxic components, including PM and PAHs, are shared.…”

Section: Evidence On the (Cardiovascular) Health Effects Of Physical Activity And Air Pollution From Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity in Polluted Air—Net Benefit or Harm to Cardiovascular Health? A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2021

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Both exposure to higher levels of polluted air and physical inactivity are crucial risk factors for the development and progression of major noncommunicable diseases and, in particular, of cardiovascular disease. In this context, the World Health Organization estimated 4.2 and 3.2 million global deaths per year in response to ambient air pollution and insufficient physical activity, respectively. While regular physical activity is well known to improve general health, it may also increase the uptake and deposit of air pollutants in the lungs/airways and circulation, due to increased breathing frequency and minute ventilation, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Thus, determining the tradeoff between the health benefits of physical activity and the potential harmful effects of increased exposure to air pollution during physical activity has important public health consequences. In the present comprehensive review, we analyzed evidence from human and animal studies on the combined effects of physical activity and air pollution on cardiovascular and other health outcomes. We further report on pathophysiological mechanisms underlying air pollution exposure, as well as the protective effects of physical activity with a focus on oxidative stress and inflammation. Lastly, we provide mitigation strategies and practical recommendations for physical activity in areas with polluted air.

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Effects of exercise and poor indoor air quality on learning, memory and blood IGF-1 in adolescent mice

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Proteasome activation by insulin-like growth factor-1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling promotes exercise-induced neurogenesis

Proteasome activation by insulin-like growth factor-1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling promotes exercise-induced neurogenesis

Possible toxicity of chronic carbon dioxide exposure associated with mask use, particularly in pregnant women, children and adolescents -a scoping review

Physical Activity in Polluted Air—Net Benefit or Harm to Cardiovascular Health? A Comprehensive Review

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