Effects of extract solution from magnesium alloys supplemented with different compositions of rare earth elements on in vitro epithelial and osteoblast progenitor cells

Abstract

Background: Magnesium alloys (Mg-alloys) have been widely researched in recent years to serve clinically as a promising bioactive material. Supplementation with rare earth elements (REEs) has been of particular interest due to their contributions to mechanical properties and potential involvement in biological processes.Methods: In this study, two culture systems were used: human umbilical vein endothelial cells and mouse osteoblastic progenitor cells. The effects of the extract solution from different compositions of Mg-alloys containing gadolinium (Gd), dysprosium (Dy), and yttrium (Y) were evaluated through observation of cell proliferation, viability, and specific cell functions.Results: Within the range of weight percentages, these Mg-REE alloys did not show appreciable negative impacts on either cell line. Interestingly, moderate compositions (Mg-1.5Gd-1.5Dy-0.825Y-0.5Zr and Mg-2Gd-2Dy-1.1Y-0.5Zr) tended to enhance the osteoblastic activity and promote the vascularization process, providing insights into further explorations for optimizing compositions of REEs in novel Mg alloys.