Effects of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation With Oral Capsules in Obese Patients

Allegretti, Jessica R.; Kassam, Zain; Mullish, Benjamin H.; Chiang, Austin L.; Carrellas, Madeline; Hurtado, Jonathan; Marchesi, Julian R.; McDonald, Julie A. K.; Barker, Grace F.; Blanco, Jesús; García-Pérez, Isabel; Wong, Wing Fei; Gerardin, Ylaine; Silverstein, Michael; Kennedy, Kevin F.; Thompson, Christopher C.

doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2019.07.006

Cited by 230 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Indeed, in a placebo-controlled pilot study, authors found that fecal microbiota transplantation capsules (collected from a lean donor) were safe but did not reduce BMI in obese and metabolically unhealthy patients, an concluded it to be an optimistic, but not real, strategy to fight obesity and metabolic syndrome [57]. Accordingly, a systematic review with a meta-analysis failed to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of the fecal microbiota transplantation on obesity and metabolic syndrome [58].…”

Section: Probiotics/prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Challenge from Mechanisms to Therapy

Tarantino

Citro

Capone

2019

JCM

115

110

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Focusing on previously published mechanisms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), their uncertainty does not always permit a clear elucidation of the grassroot alterations that are at the basis of the wide-spread illness, and thus curing it is still a challenge. There is somehow exceptional progress, but many controversies persist in NAFLD research and clinical investigation. It is likely that hidden mechanisms will be brought to light in the near future. Hereby, the authors present, with some criticism, classical mechanisms that stand at the basis of NAFLD, and consider contextually different emerging processes. Without ascertaining these complex interactions, investigators have a long way left ahead before finding an effective therapy for NAFLD beyond diet and exercise. few are conclusively accepted by experts. We try to provide evidence of the complexity, and for some aspects the contradictions, of the main lines of basic and clinical research addressing this topic. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) OverproductionMalnutrition splits in two directions; undernutrition and overnutrition; both of them leading to severe health complications: Famine and overweight/obesity are the result of calorie deficit or excess, and both of them are major health problems. Constantly eating excess calories leads body fat stores to expand. One of the most active and productive hypotheses about the mechanisms inducing or worsening obesity and consequently NAFLD is the over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress accompanying obesity is reckoned to be a key factor in the development of insulin resistance (IR), [4]. In fact, obese mice treated with NADPH oxidase inhibitors (reducing ROS) have clearly demonstrated the involvement of ROS in the genesis of IR, hepatic steatosis, and T2DM [5]. Mitochondria are clearly considered to be main contributors to oxidative stress in obesity induced by chronic over-nutrition, with subsequent reduced insulin sensitivity or IR [6]. The trigger that causes the oxidative stress in obesity is the energy surplus that eventually generates reducing equivalents. These exceed the rate of ATP utilization, giving space to the over-production of O 2 , and consequently reducing the redox-buffering capacity [7]. The aforementioned pathway has been fully highlighted in mice, characterized by deletion of manganese superoxide dismutase at the adipocyte level through enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, mediated by uncoupling protein 1 [8].

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Section: Probiotics/prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Challenge from Mechanisms to Therapy

Tarantino

Citro

Capone

2019

JCM

115

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Many of these metabolic changes occurred when caloric intake was held constant between the test groups (Louis et al, 2016). One study looked at the effect of GLP-1, an anorexigenic hormone and bile acids in mice after FMT (Allegretti et al, 2019). It was determined that, when compared to a placebo group, the FMT group had no change in GLP-1 or bile acid synthesis but did show sustained alterations in their microbiota profile (Jumpertz et al, 2011).…”

Section: Fmt's Impact On Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota Transplant in the Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes: Current and Future Perspectives

Napolitano

Covașă

2020

Front. Microbiol.

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A wealth of evidence has revealed the critical role of the gut microbiota in health and disease. Many chronic diseases have been associated with gut microbiota imbalance in its composition, diversity and functional capacity. Several types of interventions have been shown to correct microbiota imbalance and restore the beneficial metabolic outcomes of a normal microbiota. Among them, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emergent, promising technology employed to improve clinical outcomes of various pathological conditions through modifications in the gut microbiota composition. FMT has been used successfully as a treatment option in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection , a condition characterized by severe gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, the potential usage of FMT in other microbiota-associated conditions different from C. difficile such as metabolic syndrome or obesity that are also marked by gut dysbiosis is still under investigation. Furthermore, the contribution of the gut microbiota as a cause or consequence in metabolic disease is still largely debated. This review provides critical information on the methodological approaches of FMT and its technological innovation in clinical applications. This review sheds light on the current findings and gaps in our understanding of how FMT can be used as a future biotherapeutic to restore microbial homeostasis in amelioration of obesity and diabetes.

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“…Although FMT could be a rational strategy to treat obesity-linked dysbiosis (62), few clinical studies have assessed FMT in individuals with metabolic syndrome or obesity (63)(64)(65)(66)(67). Results are until now disappointing, despite the improvement in insulin sensitivity seen in two studies (66,67), none of them presented promising results in terms of weight loss or reduction in the inflammatory profile.…”

Section: How Are We Fighting Obesity-related Dysbiosis?mentioning

confidence: 99%