Effects of fish meal replacement with Chlorella meal on growth performance, pigmentation, and liver health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Xi, Lili; Lu, Quanyong; Liu, Yulong; Su, Jingzhi; Chen, Wen; Gong, Yongjun; Han, Dong; Yang, Yunxia; Zhang, Zhimin; Jin, Junyan; Liu, Haokun; Zhu, Xiaoming; Xie, Shouqi

doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2022.03.003

Cited by 39 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 86 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The gut samples from FM100, FM75 and FM50 groups overlapped closely but separated from those from FM25 and FM0 groups, indicating the significant effect on gut microbial community. Combined with previous results in largemouth bass (Xi et al, 2022) and other species on growth performance and feed utilization, this study further demonstrates the alterations of gut and the potential negative effects caused by high proportions of plant protein inclusion. In some aquaculture species, partial substitutions of fishmeal by plant ingredients (such as soy protein concentrate) negatively affects gut morphology by decreasing mucosal fold width and shortening the microvilli in the gut of fish (Green et al, 2013;Larios-Soriano et al, 2022).…”

Section: Adonissupporting

confidence: 81%

“…It is a common practice to utilize microalgae as either a protein source ingredient to reduce the use of fishmeal without compromised performance and to achieve protein source sustainability, or to include it as a low-level dietary supplement to improve fish health (Bai et al, 2001;Perez-Velazquez et al, 2019;Van Vo et al, 2020). Our recent study reveals that partial fishmeal replacement by Chlorella meal in diets contributes to better growth (Xi et al, 2022). However, the effects of replacing fishmeal with Chlorella meal on fish gut microbiota remain to be explored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…FM100 represents the fishmeal diet without Chlorella meal; FM75, FM50, FM25, and FM0 represent the fishmeal feed with 25, 50, 75, and 100% fishmeal replacement by Chlorella meal, respectively. (Xi et al, 2022). In addition, the elevation of gene pathways dedicated to amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism further indicates the gut microbiota involved in the fermentative processes.…”

Section: Adonismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For largemouth bass, M. salmoides, replacing fishmeal with alternative protein sources and/or improving the utilization was the object of most studies (Sampaio-Oliveira and Cyrina, 2008;Ding et al, 2015;He et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2021;Li et al, 2021b;Xu et al, 2022); however, few studies involved the use of microalgae such as Chlorella meal. Recently, a sister study revealed that fishmeal replacement with Chlorella meal can enhance the growth of largemouth bass and yellowness of fish body and dorsal muscle (Xi et al, 2022). However, 75% of total replacement of fishmeal by Chlorella meal in a basal diet led to lower feed efficiency and undesirable effects on fish health, suggesting that high fishmeal replacement by Chlorella meal could alter nutritional utilization and metabolism in the fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

High replacement of fishmeal by Chlorella meal affects intestinal microbiota and the potential metabolic function in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microalgae have beneficial effects on the performance of fish as additives and they are becoming a promising alternative to fishmeal as macronutrient ingredients. However, the impact on the fish intestinal microbiome and the function, caused by microalgae as protein sources in diets, remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the composition and potential function of the intestinal microbial community of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed diets at five replacement levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of fishmeal by Chlorella meal in a basal diet (400 g kg−1) after 8 weeks. The results showed significant decreases in unique amplicon sequence variants in the intestine at the higher levels of fishmeal replacement. At 50% of fishmeal replacement, dietary inclusions of Chlorella meal had no impact on species richness and Shannon diversity and the community structure of the intestinal microbiota. However, high levels of fishmeal replacement (75 and 100%) significantly induced intestinal community disturbance and diversity loss in largemouth bass. Responding to the high fishmeal replacement level, the dominant genus Cetobacterium and Pleslomonas sharply increased and several taxa from Lactobacillus decreased significantly. Functional data predicted by PICRUSt revealed that nutrition-related metabolism was dominant in the intestinal microbiota of fish fed all the five diets, although some potential functions, particularly amino acid and lipid metabolisms, and energy metabolism, were upregulated firstly, and then downregulated in fish fed diets with the increase of dietary Chlorella meal. Meanwhile, certain pathways were not enriched in intestinal microbiome until up to 75% of fishmeal replacement, such as carbohydrate metabolism, and cofactors and vitamins metabolism. To conclude, this study reveals that fishmeal replacement (50%) by Chlorella meal at the level of 237 g kg−1 in diets is feasible for largemouth bass without impairing the microbiome structure and the metabolism function, providing an alternative strategy for evaluating the possibility of fishmeal replacement by microalgae in aquafeeds.

show abstract

Section: Adonissupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Adonismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

High replacement of fishmeal by Chlorella meal affects intestinal microbiota and the potential metabolic function in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Single-cell protein (SCP) has been reported as a good alternative to plant protein sources because of its accessibility (Vermeulen et al, 2012) and rich protein supplement (Ritala et al, 2017). Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (bacterioprotein, CAP) and chlorella powder (microalgae protein, CHP) are novel SCPs that have been preliminarily used as protein sources for largemouth bass (Xi et al, 2022), genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus) (Maulu et al, 2021), and crucian carp (Carassius auratus) (Shi et al, 2015). Compared with plant protein sources, novel animal protein sources are characterized by a low carbohydrate content and high mineral and vitamin content, independent of seasonal and climatic variations and, thus, have been more studied as protein source substitutions (Liu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of four novel protein sources as alternatives to soybean meal for two specifications of cage-farmed grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) deeds: Effect on growth performance, flesh quality, and expressions of muscle-related genes

Fan

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Costs associated with the use of soybean as a food source in aquaculture have imposed constraints on its use in this industry. Thus, research is now focusing on alternative sources of protein for use in aquaculture. Here, we assessed the effect of total replacement of soybean meal (SBM) by Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP), Tenebrio molitor meal (TMM), cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC), and chlorella powder (CHP) in diets for small specimens (initial body weight: 239.72 ± 10.75 g) and large specimens (initial body weight: 638.32 ± 12.64 g) of grass carp. For that purpose, five isonitrogenous (300 g/kg) and isoaliphatic (58 g/kg) diets were formulated with SBM, CAP, TMM, CPC, and CHP as the only dietary protein source. Triplicate groups of fish were fed the experimental diets for 56 days. Results showed that irrespective of protein sources, large specimens of grass carp obtained the significantly reduced weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate, moisture, crude ash contents, drip loss rate, and gene expressions of muscle S6K, MyoD, and Myf-5, and the significantly increased crude protein and crude lipid contents, hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, springiness, chewiness and shear force of muscles, and gene expressions of muscle TOR, 4EBP1, MyoG, MRF4, and MSTN-1. Regardless of size, the CHP group possessed markedly higher WGR, protein efficiency ratio, crude protein contents, hardness, adhesiveness, chewiness values, and gene expression levels of muscle TOR, 4EBP1, Myf-5, and MRF4, and significantly lower feed conversion rate, drip loss rate, and gene expressions of muscle S6K and MSTN-1. For small specimens or for large specimens, the essential amino acid contents of the CHP group were highest, and CHP markedly elevated the delicious amino acid and glycine contents in comparison with the SBM. Moreover, the CPC group also realized the function of promoting the growth and improving the flesh quality to a certain degree. However, total replacement of soybean meal by CAP and TMM in grass carp diets restrained the growth and damaged the flesh quality in varying degrees. Overall, comparatively, total replacement of SBM with CHP not only improved growth performance and feed use, but also enhanced the flavor and texture of the fish by improving the amino acid composition and water-holding capacity of muscle, as well as improving muscle growth by positively impacting the expression of genes associated with the regulation of growth and development. Therefore, CHP could be a potential protein source to replace SBM in diets for use in the aquaculture of grass carp.

show abstract

Biofloc technology combined with microalgae for improved nitrogen removal at lower C/N ratios using artificial aquaculture wastewater

Markou,

Economou,

Petrou

et al. 2023

Aquacult Int

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effects of fish meal replacement with Chlorella meal on growth performance, pigmentation, and liver health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Cited by 39 publications

References 86 publications

High replacement of fishmeal by Chlorella meal affects intestinal microbiota and the potential metabolic function in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

High replacement of fishmeal by Chlorella meal affects intestinal microbiota and the potential metabolic function in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Evaluation of four novel protein sources as alternatives to soybean meal for two specifications of cage-farmed grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) deeds: Effect on growth performance, flesh quality, and expressions of muscle-related genes

Biofloc technology combined with microalgae for improved nitrogen removal at lower C/N ratios using artificial aquaculture wastewater

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About