Effects of genetic group selection against mortality on behavior and peripheral serotonin in domestic laying hens with trimmed and intact beaks

Bolhuis, J.E.; Ellen, E.D.; Reenen, C.G. van; Groot, Janke de; Napel, J. ten; Koopmanschap, R.E.; Reilingh, G. de Vries; Uitdehaag, K.A.; Kemp, B.; Rodenburg, T.B.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.03.021

Cited by 119 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Thus, genetic selection for resilience may benefit from selection on performance of the group rather than the individual (Muir 2005), especially where social stressors are likely to be a major cause of environmental stress to farm animals (Muir 1996;Bergsma et al 2008;Bolhuis et al 2009). Genetic models to disentangle direct and social effects have been developed by Bijma et al (2007).…”

Section: Group Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience in farm animals: biology, management, breeding and implications for animal welfare

2016

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Abstract.A capacity for the animal to recover quickly from the impact of physical and social stressors and disease challenges is likely to improve evolutionary fitness of wild species and welfare and performance of farm animals. Salience and valence of stimuli sensed through neurosensors, chemosensors and immunosensors are perceived and integrated centrally to generate emotions and engage physiological, behavioural, immune, cognitive and morphological responses that defend against noxious challenges. These responses can be refined through experience to provide anticipatory and learned reactions at lower cost than innate less-specific reactions. Influences of behaviour type, coping style, and affective state and the relationships between immune responsiveness, disease resistance and resilience are reviewed. We define resilience as the capacity of animals to cope with short-term perturbations in their environment and return rapidly to their pre-challenge status. It is manifested in response to episodic, sporadic or situation-specific attributes of the environment and can be optimised via facultative learning by the individual. It is a comparative measure of differences between individuals in the outcomes that follow exposure to potentially adverse situations. In contrast, robustness is the capacity to maintain productivity in a wide range of environments without compromising reproduction, health and wellbeing. Robustness is manifested in response to persistent or cyclical attributes of the environment and is effected via activity of innate regulatory pathways. We suggest that for farm animals, husbandry practices that incorporate physical and social stressors and interactions with humans such as weaning, change of housing, and introduction to the milking parlour can be used to characterise resilience phenotypes. In these settings, resilience is likely to be more readily identified through the rate of return of variables to pre-challenge or normal status rather than through measuring the activity of diverse stress response and adaptation mechanisms. Our strategy for phenotyping resilience of sheep and cattle during weaning is described. Opportunities are examined to increase resilience through genetic selection and through improved management practices that provide emotional and cognitive enrichment and stress inoculation.Additional keywords: affective state, allostasis, animal behaviour, animal temperament, animal welfare, disease resistance, genetic selection, homeostasis, resilience, robustness, stress inoculation.

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Section: Group Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience in farm animals: biology, management, breeding and implications for animal welfare

2016

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“…Substantial scientific evidence of the role of the serotonergic system in the development and modulation of feather pecking behaviour in laying hens has accrued over the last years (van Hierden et al 2002(van Hierden et al , 2004aBolhuis et al 2009). These studies related the occurrence of feather pecking with serotonin concentration and activity either in the brain or peripherally (circulatory system or peripheral nervous system), predominantly suggesting that lower levels of serotonin are associated with predisposition to perform feather pecking (van Hierden et al 2004a, b;Bolhuis et al 2009).…”

Section: Serotoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies related the occurrence of feather pecking with serotonin concentration and activity either in the brain or peripherally (circulatory system or peripheral nervous system), predominantly suggesting that lower levels of serotonin are associated with predisposition to perform feather pecking (van Hierden et al 2004a, b;Bolhuis et al 2009). We detected an association between the gene for the serotonin receptor HTR2C and feather condition score in the back-rump region both in the direct (receiving FP) and associative (performing FP) analyses.…”

Section: Serotoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore feather pecking in laying hens can seemingly be controlled by modulating their serotonergic system, by means of genetic selection or husbandry practices, either pharmacologically or dietary (van Hierden et al 2004a). Interestingly, the recent study by Bolhuis et al (2009) shows that genetic selection for low mortality, using the social models, leads to changes in the serotonergic system, already in the second generation of selection.…”

Section: Serotoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Across-Line SNP Association Study for Direct and Associative Effects on Feather Damage in Laying Hens

et al. 2010

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An association study between SNP markers and feather condition score on the back, rump and belly of laying hens was performed. Feather condition score is a measure of feather damage, which has been shown to be closely related to feather pecking behaviour in hens housed in groups. A population of 662 hens was genotyped for 1536 SNPs of which 1022 could be used for the association study. The analysis was conducted across 9 different lines of White Leghorn and Rhode Island Red origin. Across lines linkage disequilibrium is conserved at shorter distances than within lines; therefore, SNPs significantly associated with feather condition score across lines are expected to be closer to the functional mutations. The SNPs that had a significant across-line effect but did not show significant SNP-by-line interaction were identified, to test that the association was consistent across lines. Both the direct effect of the individual's genotype on its plumage condition, and the associative effect of the genotype of the cage mates on the individual's plumage condition were analysed. The direct genetic effect can be considered as the susceptibility to be pecked at, whereas the associative genetic effect can be interpreted as the propensity to perform feather pecking. Finally, 11 significant associations between SNPs and behavioural traits were detected in the direct model, and 81 in the associative model. A role of the gene for the serotonin receptor 2C (HTR2C) on chromosome 4 was found. This supports existing evidence of a prominent involvement of the serotonergic system in the modulation of this behavioural disorder in laying hens. The genes for IL9, IL4, CCL4 and NFKB were found to be associated to plumage condition, revealing relationships between the immune system and behaviour.

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“…일반적으로 선발 육종을 통 해 개량이 진행된 개체의 스트레스 반응 정도가 자연 상태 의 개체들에 비해 상대적으로 높은 것으로 알려지고 있다. 또한 백색 레그혼 계통과 유색계의 스트레스 저항성 비교에 서도 행동 습성에 따른 지표뿐만 아니라, 생리적 표지 물질 들의 분석에서 백색계가 유색계에 비해 스트레스 반응 정도 가 민감하다고 하였다 (Albentosa et al, 2003;Fraisse and Cockrem, 2006;Star et al, 2008a;Bolhuis et al, 2009;Uitdehaag et al, 2011;de Haas et al, 2013 …”

Section: 로토닌(Serotonin) 수준은 낮게 나타난다고 보고하였다unclassified

Comparison of Stress Response between Korean Native Chickens and Single Comb White Leghorns subjected to a High Stocking Density

Sohn¹,

Cho²,

Park³

et al. 2014

Korean Journal of Poultry Science

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With Single Comb White Leghorn (WL) and Korean Native Chicken (KNC) breeds, we compared the stress response with chicken breeds that were subjected to a high stocking density. Stress response was analyzed by the quantity of telomeric DNA, the rate of DNA damage and the expression levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and hydroxyl-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) genes on tissues and blood. The telomere length and telomere shortening rates were analyzed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization on the nuclei of lymphocytes and tissues. The DNA damage rate of lymphocytes was quantified by the comet assay. The expression levels of HSP70, HSP90-α, HSP90-β and HMGCR genes were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in lymphocytes. There was no significant difference between KNC and WL in body weight, weight gain, telomere shortening rate and DNA damage rate. However, the growth rate significantly decreased in chickens raised under high stocking density conditions, as compared to the control group. The telomere-shortening rate, DNA damage and HSPs expression of the lymphocytes were significantly higher in the high stocking density group than the control. The stress condition and breeds had a significant effect on the expressions of HSP70, HSP90-α and HSP90-β in lymphocytes, except HMGCR. The stress response of WL was higher than that of KNC, as analyzed to the expression of HSP70 and HSP90-α. Therefore, we concluded that the chickens which were exposed to a high stocking density had increased the individual physiological stress response regardless of breeds, and White Leghorns are more susceptible to stress condition than Korean Native Chickens.

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Effects of genetic group selection against mortality on behavior and peripheral serotonin in domestic laying hens with trimmed and intact beaks

Cited by 119 publications

References 56 publications

Resilience in farm animals: biology, management, breeding and implications for animal welfare

Resilience in farm animals: biology, management, breeding and implications for animal welfare

Across-Line SNP Association Study for Direct and Associative Effects on Feather Damage in Laying Hens

Comparison of Stress Response between Korean Native Chickens and Single Comb White Leghorns subjected to a High Stocking Density

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