Abstract:We investigated interactions between morphological complexity and grammaticality on electrophysiological markers of grammatical processing during reading. Our goal was to determine whether morphological complexity and stimulus grammaticality have independent or additive effects on the P600 event-related potential component. Participants read sentences that were either well-formed or grammatically ill-formed, in which the critical word was either morphologically simple or complex. Results revealed no effects of… Show more
“…Furthermore, we chose one time window for the rule-generalization test (250-400 ms) to assess early positivity, and one for the control task (350-500 ms) to assess the N400 effect. These time-windows are within the expected time ranges of the N200 (Folstein & Van Petten, 2008;Nieuwenhuis, Yeung, & Cohen, 2004), the N400 (Frenzel et al, 2010;Morris & Holcomb, 2005;Proverbio & Riva, 2009; see Kutas & Federmeier, 2011 for review), and the P600 (Dowens et al, 2011;Frenzel et al, 2010;Mehravari, Tanner, Wampler, Valentine, & Osterhout, 2015;Morris & Holcomb, 2005) component, respectively. We used repeated measures analyses of variance to assess the effects of experimental conditions and electrode locations.…”
Section: Eeg Recording and Data Processingsupporting
“…Furthermore, we chose one time window for the rule-generalization test (250-400 ms) to assess early positivity, and one for the control task (350-500 ms) to assess the N400 effect. These time-windows are within the expected time ranges of the N200 (Folstein & Van Petten, 2008;Nieuwenhuis, Yeung, & Cohen, 2004), the N400 (Frenzel et al, 2010;Morris & Holcomb, 2005;Proverbio & Riva, 2009; see Kutas & Federmeier, 2011 for review), and the P600 (Dowens et al, 2011;Frenzel et al, 2010;Mehravari, Tanner, Wampler, Valentine, & Osterhout, 2015;Morris & Holcomb, 2005) component, respectively. We used repeated measures analyses of variance to assess the effects of experimental conditions and electrode locations.…”
Section: Eeg Recording and Data Processingsupporting
“…A number of studies have reported that syntactically and morphosyntactically anomalous words elicit a P600 effect (e.g., Friederici, Hahne, & Mecklinger, ; Hagoort, Brown, & Groothusen, ; Hagoort, Wassenaar, & Brown, ; Mehravari, Tanner, Wampler, Valentine, & Osterhout, ; Osterhout & Holcomb, ; Osterhout & Mobley, ; Tanner & Bulkes, ), as do some words in well‐formed but complex sentences (e.g., garden path sentences: Gouvea, Phillips, Kazanina, & Poeppel, ; Kaan & Swaab, ; Osterhout, Holcomb, & Swinney, ). This set of syntax‐related findings led some to argue that the P600 reflects essentially syntactic processes (e.g., Allen, Badecker, & Osterhout, ; Gouvea et al, ; Kos, Vosse, van den Brink, & Hagoort, ; Osterhout, Mckinnon, Bersick, & Corey, ; Osterhout & Nicol, ).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…That is, recent studies note that there are no clear processing difficulties in grammatical sentences with singular heads and plural attractors (e.g., “The winner of the trophies was … ”) compared to singular‐singular head‐attractor configurations. This finding has led some to postulate that establishment of subject‐verb agreement dependencies utilizes a combination of prediction and retrieval mechanisms (Dillon, Mishler, Sloggett, & Phillips, ; Lago, Shalom, Sigman, Lau, & Phillips, ; Parker & Phillips, ; Tanner, Nicol, & Brehm, ; Wagers et al, ; see also Mehravari et al, ; Tanner & Bulkes, ). On this account, morphosyntactic agreement features for the verb are predicted upon encountering the head NP.…”
We investigated the relative independence of two key processes in language comprehension, as reflected in the P600 ERP component. Numerous studies have linked the P600 to sentence- or message-level reanalysis; however, much research has shown that skilled, cue-based memory retrieval operations are also important to successful language processing. Our goal was to identify whether these cue-based retrieval operations are part of the reanalysis processes indexed by the P600. To this end, participants read sentences that were either grammatical or ungrammatical via subject-verb agreement violations, and in which there was either no possibility for retrieval interference or there was an attractor noun interfering with the computation of subject-verb agreement (e.g., "The slogan on the political poster(s) was/were …"). A stimulus onset asynchrony manipulation (fast, medium, or slow presentation rate) was designed to modulate participants' ability to engage in reanalysis processes. Results showed a reliable attraction interference effect, indexed by reduced behavioral sensitivity to ungrammaticalities and P600 amplitudes when there was an opportunity for retrieval interference, as well as an effect of presentation rate, with reduced behavioral sensitivity and smaller P600 effects at faster presentation rates. Importantly, there was no interaction between the two, suggesting that retrieval interference and sentence-level reanalysis processes indexed by the P600 can be neurocognitively distinct processes.
“… Figure 4 Strontium isotope variation across southeastern Arabia and the Indo-Pakistani region, including the botanical remains found at Mleiha. Data 32 , 33 , 60 – 65 . Dark and light orange bands represent the range of archaeological cotton seeds and textiles from Mleiha, respectively.…”
Cotton (Gossypium sp.), a plant of tropical and sub-tropical origin, appeared at several sites on the Arabian Peninsula at the end of the 1st mill. BCE-beginning of the 1st mill. CE. Its spread into this non-native, arid environment is emblematic of the trade dynamics that took place at this pivotal point in human history. Due to its geographical location, the Arabian Peninsula is connected to both the Indian and African trading spheres, making it complex to reconstruct the trans-continental trajectories of plant diffusion into and across Arabia in Antiquity. Key questions remain pertaining to: (1) provenance, i.e. are plant remains of local or imported origin and (2) the precise timing of cotton arrival and spread. The ancient site of Mleiha, located in modern-day United Arab Emirates, is a rare and significant case where rich archaeobotanical remains dating to the Late Pre-Islamic period (2nd–3rd c. CE), including cotton seeds and fabrics, have been preserved in a burned-down fortified building. To better understand the initial trade and/or production of cotton in this region, strontium isotopes of leached, charred cotton remains are used as a powerful tracer and the results indicate that the earliest cotton finds did not originate from the Oman Peninsula, but were more likely sourced from further afield, with the north-western coast of India being an isotopically compatible provenance. Identifying the presence of such imported cotton textiles and seeds in southeastern Arabia is significant as it is representative of the early diffusion of the crop in the region, later to be grown extensively in local oases.
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