Effects of high-order operators in nonrelativistic Lifshitz holography

Wang, Xinwen; Yang, Jie; Tian, Mingzhen; Wang, Anzhong; Deng, Yi; Cleaver, Gerald

doi:10.1103/physrevd.91.064018

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Note that in [273], only the IR limit of the (2+1)dimensional Hořava theory was considered. Later, the effects of high-order operators on the non-relativistic Lifshitz holography were studied [274], and found that the Lifshitz space-time is still a solution of the full theory of the Hořava gravity. The effects of the high-oder operators on the space-time itself is simply to shift the Lifshitz dynamical exponent z.…”

Section: Non-relativistic Gauge/gravity Dualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hořava gravity at a Lifshitz point: A progress report

Wang

2017

Int. J. Mod. Phys. D

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185

194

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Hořava gravity at a Lifshitz point is a theory intended to quantize gravity by using techniques of traditional quantum field theories. To avoid Ostrogradsky's ghosts, a problem that has been plaguing quantization of general relativity since the middle of 1970's, Hořava chose to break the Lorentz invariance by a Lifshitz-type of anisotropic scaling between space and time at the ultrahigh energy, while recovering (approximately) the invariance at low energies. With the stringent observational constraints and self-consistency, it turns out that this is not an easy task, and various modifications have been proposed, since the first incarnation of the theory in 2009. In this review, we shall provide a progress report on the recent developments of Hořava gravity. In particular, we first present four most-studied versions of Hořava gravity, by focusing first on their self-consistency and then their consistency with experiments, including the solar system tests and cosmological observations. Then, we provide a general review on the recent developments of the theory in three different but also related areas: (i) universal horizons, black holes and their thermodynamics; (ii) non-relativistic gauge/gravity duality; and (iii) quantization of the theory. The studies in these areas can be generalized to other gravitational theories with broken Lorentz invariance. CONTENTS

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Section: Non-relativistic Gauge/gravity Dualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hořava gravity at a Lifshitz point: A progress report

Wang

2017

Int. J. Mod. Phys. D

Self Cite

185

194

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“…The dynamical equations are obtained by varying the action with respect to g ij , and are given by 11) where 12) with L a V ≡ βa i a i . In addition, the matter components (J t , J i , τ ij ) satisfy the conservation laws of energy and momentum,…”

Section: A Field Equations In Ir Limitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some space-times are not complete, and extensions beyond certain horizons are needed. In addition, it was shown recently that the Lifshitz space-time (1.2) is not only a solution of the HL gravity in the IR, but also a solution of the full theory, that is, even high-order operators are all included [11]. The only effects of these high-order operators are to shift z from one value to another, as longer as the spacetime itself is concerned.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-dimensional Lifshitz-type spacetimes, universal horizons, and black holes in Hořava-Lifshitz gravity

Lin¹,

Shu²,

Wang³

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. D

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In this paper, we present all [(d + 1) + 1]-dimensional static diagonal vacuum solutions of the non-projectable Hořava-Lifshitz gravity in the IR limit, and show that they give rise to very rich Lifshitz-type structures, depending on the choice of the free parameters of the solutions. These include the Lifshitz spacetimes with or without hyperscaling violation, Lifshitz solitons, and black holes. Remarkably, even the theory breaks explicitly the Lorentz symmetry and allows generically instantaneous propagations, universal horizons still exist, which serve as one-way membranes for signals with any large velocities. In particular, particles even with infinitely large velocities would just move around on these boundaries and cannot escape to infinity. Another remarkable feature appearing in the Lifshitz-type spacetimes is that the dynamical exponent z can take its values only in the ranges 1 ≤ z < 2 for d ≥ 3 and 1 ≤ z < ∞ for d = 2, due to the stability and ghost-free conditions of the theory.

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“…The humidity change was chosen from ref. [45]. The device, however, showed a slight degradation of the ON/OFF ratio (from 1.08 to 1.03) as increasing the temperature to 65 °C from 30 °C (Figure S8b, Supporting Information) because the transport of the generated ions in the hydrated MNPs depended on the water content.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Skin‐Inspired, Interactive, and Flexible Optoelectronic Device with Hydrated Melanin Nanoparticles in a Protein Hydrogel–Elastomer Hybrid

Gogurla

Roy

Min

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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Melanin, a biologically occurring pigment featuring broadband optical absorption, ion‐binding affinity including antioxidative and radical‐scavenging properties, and hydration‐dependent electrical conductivity is an ideal natural semiconducting material for interfacing electronics with biological systems. Here, a skin‐mimicking optoelectronic device with a melanin nanoparticle (MNP) dispersion in a protein hydrogel–elastomer hybrid (a mimic of epidermis/dermis layers with melanin) and its application as a dopamine sensor and a UV index meter are reported. MNPs dispersed in water are placed in the elastomer reservoir with integrated silver nanowire electrodes and a transparent silk hydrogel window cover; they exhibit n‐type semiconducting behavior with increased conductivities compared with those of dehydrated MNPs. Enhanced generation of free radicals by light illumination results in an increase of the electrical conductivity. In addition, the artificial optoelectronic skin interacts with its environment through the silk hydrogel window. Applications of the device, including its use as a dopamine sensor and a UV index meter to detect dopamine and UV light passing through the window, are demonstrated. The sensitivity of the dopamine sensor is enhanced by the light illumination.

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Effects of high-order operators in nonrelativistic Lifshitz holography

Cited by 9 publications

References 82 publications

Hořava gravity at a Lifshitz point: A progress report

Hořava gravity at a Lifshitz point: A progress report

High-dimensional Lifshitz-type spacetimes, universal horizons, and black holes in Hořava-Lifshitz gravity

A Skin‐Inspired, Interactive, and Flexible Optoelectronic Device with Hydrated Melanin Nanoparticles in a Protein Hydrogel–Elastomer Hybrid

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