Effects of hook and release on Atlantic salmon in the River Alta, northern Norway

Thorstad, Eva B.; Næsje, Tor F.; Fiske, Peder; Finstad, Bengt

doi:10.1016/s0165-7836(02)00176-5

Cited by 104 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Capture by angling is one of the most physically demanding forms of exercise stress in fish (Booth et al, 1995) and the subsequent physiological response has been demonstrated to increase with the amount of time fish are on the hook (Wydoski et al, 1976;Pankhurst and Dedual, 1994;Thorstad et al, 2003), sometimes resulting in high mortality rates (Bouck and Ball, 1966). Significant increases in plasma cortisol and lactate during this study were observed within 2-3 min of the initiation of angling and the highest levels were observed after 5-6 min of angling duration.…”

Section: Effects Of Angling Durationmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Increases in levels of plasma cortisol after the onset of an acute stress, as well as secondary physiological responses such as hyperglycemia, hyperlacticemia, and ionic disturbance, have been measured to assess the effects of landing time (Wydoski et al, 1976;Gustaveson et al, 1991;Pankhurst and Dedual, 1994;Thorstad et al, 2003). Recent studies have also addressed the effect of hook type on the ease of removal and handling time by comparing various hook types, such as circle versus standard "J" hooks and barbed versus barbless hooks (e.g., Cooke et al, 2001Cooke et al, , 2003, and by measuring the physiological response to air exposure, which commonly occurs during the hook removal process (Ferguson and Tufts, 1992;Cooke et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological response of wild rainbow trout to angling: impact of angling duration, fish size, body condition, and temperature

2005

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This study evaluated the immediate physiological response of wild rainbow trout to catch-and-release angling in the Alagnak River, southwest Alaska. Information was recorded on individual rainbow trout (n = 415) captured by angling including landing time and the time required to remove hooks (angling duration), the time to anesthetize fish in clove oil and withdraw blood, fish length and weight, and water temperature at capture locations. Plasma cortisol, glucose, ions (sodium, potassium, chloride), and lactate were analyzed to determine the effects of angling duration, fish size, body condition, and temperature. Levels of plasma ions did not change significantly during the observed physiological response and levels of plasma glucose were sometimes influenced by length (2000, 2001), body condition (2001), or temperature (2001). Levels of plasma cortisol and lactate in extended capture fish (angling duration greater than 2 min) were significantly higher than levels in rapid capture fish (angling duration less than 2 min). Rapid capture fish were significantly smaller than extended capture fish, reflecting that fish size influenced landing and handling times. Fish size was related to cortisol and lactate in 2002, which corresponded to the year when larger fish were captured and there were longer landing times. Body condition (i.e., weight/length regression residuals index), was significantly related to lactate in 2000 and 2001. Water temperatures were higher in 2001 (mean temperature ± S.E., 13 ± 2 • C) than in 2002 (10 ± 2 • C), and fish captured in 2001 had significantly higher cortisol and lactate concentrations than fish captured in 2002. The pattern of increase in plasma cortisol and lactate was due to the amount of time fish were angled, and the upper limit of the response was due to water temperature. The results of this study indicate the importance of minimizing the duration of angling in order to reduce the sublethal physiological disturbances in wild fish subjected to catch-and-release angling, particularly during warmer water temperatures. It is also important to note that factors such as fish size may influence both the duration of angling and subsequent physiological response.

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Section: Effects Of Angling Durationmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological response of wild rainbow trout to angling: impact of angling duration, fish size, body condition, and temperature

2005

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“…Apart from the obvious welfare consequences of damage and pain associated with physical injuries, their behaviour may be impaired and this could lead to increased susceptibility from predation , passive displacements from territories (Thorstad et al, 2003), and a temporary reduction in feeding (Siepker, 2004). In practical terms, research should be directed towards establishing the most welfare-friendly types of fishing gear to minimize the incidence and degree of injury.…”

Section: Physical Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When exposed to recreational angling, fish experience a suite of physiological alterations that require extended recovery periods. The magnitude of the stress can be influenced by a number of factors including the duration of the angling event (e.g., Gustaveson et al, 1991;Schreer et al, 2001;Thorstad et al, 2003), the water temperature at the time of angling (Wilkie et al, 1996(Wilkie et al, , 1997, and the length of air exposure (Ferguson and Tufts, 1992;Cooke et al, 2001).…”

Section: Sublethal Stress and Impairmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the current body of catch-and-release research suggests that the duration of the actual angling event experienced by the fish correlates positively with the magnitude of physiological disturbance and the time required for recovery (Gustaveson et al, 1991;Kieffer et al, 1995;Schreer et al, 2002;Thorstad et al, 2003). Angling is essentially a combination of aerobic and anaerobic exercise that results in a series of physiological changes including a depletion of energy stores and an accumulation of lactate, as well as acid/base changes and osmoregulatory disturbances (Wood, 1991).…”

Section: Minimize Angling Durationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal welfare perspectives on recreational angling

Cooke

Sneddon

2007

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

135

127

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Fish captured by recreational anglers are often released either voluntarily or because of harvest regulations in a process called ''catch-and-release''. Catch-and-release angling is thought to be beneficial for the conservation of fish stocks based on the premise that most of the fish that are released survive. However, expanding interest in animal welfare has promoted debate regarding the ethics of catch-and-release angling. There is a growing recognition that fish can consciously experience nociception and that they have some capacity to experience pain and fear. Indeed, empirical anatomical, physiological, and behavioural evidence supports the notion that fish could experience these two forms of suffering (i.e., pain and fear). Based on that premise, we examine existing catch-and-release research from a welfare perspective to determine the extent to which potential pain and suffering could be caused. There are numerous studies that provide analyses of the consequences of catch-and-release on the individual demonstrating physical injury, sublethal alterations in behaviour, physiology, or fitness, and mortality. Collectively, this research suggests that all recreational fishing results in some level of injury and stress to an individual fish. However, the severity of injury, magnitude of stress, and potential for mortality varies extensively in response to a variety of factors. Interestingly, this information can be used to identify strategies that anglers may adopt that minimize these effects through changes in either gear (e.g., type of hook, bait, or net) or angling practices (e.g., duration of fight and air exposure, fishing during extreme environmental conditions, fishing during the reproductive period). Although aspects of the catch-and-release angling experience cannot be refined (e.g., the need to physically hook the fish), we argue that informed anglers and fisheries managers can adopt practices to improve the welfare of angled fish. Although consideration of fish welfare is somewhat abstract to most anglers and fisheries managers, ultimately it benefits the individual fish, while simultaneously benefiting the fish population and fishery. Greater integration of welfare consideration into recreational and commercial fisheries should promote innovative solutions to minimize pain and suffering, which should also enhance conservation and management. #

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Trends and Developments in Catch and Release

Policansky¹

2008

Global Challenges in Recreational Fisheries

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Effects of hook and release on Atlantic salmon in the River Alta, northern Norway

Cited by 104 publications

References 32 publications

Physiological response of wild rainbow trout to angling: impact of angling duration, fish size, body condition, and temperature

Physiological response of wild rainbow trout to angling: impact of angling duration, fish size, body condition, and temperature

Animal welfare perspectives on recreational angling

Trends and Developments in Catch and Release

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