Effects of increased salinity and an introduced predator on lowland amphibians in Southern China: Species identity matters

Karraker, Nancy E.; Arrigoni, James; Dudgeon, David

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2010.01.020

Cited by 63 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…A medium-sized airport may use over 1000 m 3 of airplane de-icing agents over a winter season (Betts 1999). Road salts, primarily NaCl (although salts of magnesium and calcium [e.g., MgCl 2 and CaCl 2 ] are also used), can be transported into adjacent aquatic ecosystems (Karraker et al 2010). These salts are not flushed as rapidly as surface water, resulting in retention of salt within wetlands and streams (Findlay and Kelly 2011).…”

Section: Salinization Of Inland Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global perspective on wetland salinization: ecological consequences of a growing threat to freshwater wetlands

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Salinization, a widespread threat to the structure and ecological functioning of inland and coastal wetlands, is currently occurring at an unprecedented rate and geographic scale. The causes of salinization are diverse and include alterations to freshwater flows, land-clearance, irrigation, disposal of wastewater effluent, sea level rise, storm surges, and applications of de-icing salts. Climate change and anthropogenic modifications to the hydrologic cycle are expected to further increase the extent and severity of wetland salinization. Salinization alters the fundamental physicochemical nature of the soil-water environment, increasing ionic concentrations and altering chemical equilibria and mineral solubility. Increased concentrations of solutes, especially sulfate, alter the biogeochemical cycling of major elements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, iron, and silica. The effects of salinization on wetland biogeochemistry typically include decreased inorganic nitrogen removal (with implications for water quality and climate regulation), decreased carbon storage (with implications for climate regulation and wetland accretion), and increased generation of toxic sulfides (with implications for nutrient cycling and the health/functioning of wetland biota). Indeed, increased salt and sulfide concentrations induce physiological stress in wetland biota and ultimately can result in large shifts in wetland communities and their associated ecosystem functions. The productivity and composition of freshwater species assemblages will be highly altered, and there is a high potential for the disruption of existing interspecific interactions. Although there is a wealth of information on how salinization impacts individual ecosystem components, relatively few studies have addressed the complex and often non-linear feedbacks that determine ecosystem-scale responses or considered how wetland salinization will affect landscape-level processes. Although the salinization of wetlands may be unavoidable in many cases, these systems may also prove to be a fertile testing ground for broader ecological theories including (but not limited to): investigations into alternative stable states and tipping points, trophic cascades, disturbance-recovery processes, and the role of historical events and landscape context in driving community response to disturbance.

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Section: Salinization Of Inland Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global perspective on wetland salinization: ecological consequences of a growing threat to freshwater wetlands

et al. 2015

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“…At each developmental stage image sequences were recorded under control conditions and in embryos exposed to abiotic stressors, for which developmental effects have previously been observed [18-26]. Danio rerio embryos were exposed to 1.5% ethanol [18 – 21], and a salinity of 5 [22-24], Xenopus laevis were exposed to a salinity of 20 [25] and Radix balthica embryos were exposed to salinities of 5, 10 and 15 [26]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel application of motion analysis for detecting stress responses in embryos at different stages of development

et al. 2013

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BackgroundMotion analysis is one of the tools available to biologists to extract biologically relevant information from image datasets and has been applied to a diverse range of organisms. The application of motion analysis during early development presents a challenge, as embryos often exhibit complex, subtle and diverse movement patterns. A method of motion analysis able to holistically quantify complex embryonic movements could be a powerful tool for fields such as toxicology and developmental biology to investigate whole organism stress responses. Here we assessed whether motion analysis could be used to distinguish the effects of stressors on three early developmental stages of each of three species: (i) the zebrafish Danio rerio (stages 19 h, 21.5 h and 33 h exposed to 1.5% ethanol and a salinity of 5); (ii) the African clawed toad Xenopus laevis (stages 24, 32 and 34 exposed to a salinity of 20); and iii) the pond snail Radix balthica (stages E3, E4, E6, E9 and E11 exposed to salinities of 5, 10 and 15). Image sequences were analysed using Sparse Optic Flow and the resultant frame-to-frame motion parameters were analysed using Discrete Fourier Transform to quantify the distribution of energy at different frequencies. This spectral frequency dataset was then used to construct a Bray-Curtis similarity matrix and differences in movement patterns between embryos in this matrix were tested for using ANOSIM.ResultsSpectral frequency analysis of these motion parameters was able to distinguish stage-specific effects of environmental stressors in most cases, including Xenopus laevis at stages 24, 32 and 34 exposed to a salinity of 20, Danio rerio at 33 hpf exposed to 1.5% ethanol, and Radix balthica at stages E4, E9 and E11 exposed to salinities of 5, 10 and 15. This technique was better able to distinguish embryos exposed to stressors than analysis of manual quantification of movement and within species distinguished most of the developmental stages studied in the control treatments.ConclusionThis innovative use of motion analysis incorporates data quantifying embryonic movements at a range of frequencies and so provides an holistic analysis of an embryo’s movement patterns. This technique has potential applications for quantifying embryonic responses to environmental stressors such as exposure to pharmaceuticals or pollutants, and also as an automated tool for developmental staging of embryos.

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“…For example, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was capable of modifying nutrient regimes by increasing nitrogen and phosphorus availability via excretion, promoting algae growth, and contributing to eutrophication of a reservoir of Brazil (Figueredo and Giani 2005). The mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) has been reported to be responsible for the decline and extinction of some fish (Galat and Robertson 1992) and amphibian (Gamradt and Kats 1996;Segev et al 2009;Karraker et al 2010) species in North American and Asia. Competition between non-native and native salmonids has led to extinction or significant population decreases in Europe (Hasegawa and Maekawa 2006;Fausch 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-native freshwater fish species in China

Wen

Sui

Liang

et al. 2015

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

100

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Non-native fishes are regarded as a serious threat to freshwater biodiversity. However, little information exists about non-native freshwater fish in China. This study compiled an inventory of non-native freshwater fish species in China based on various sources. The inventory includes a total of 439 freshwater fish species belonging to 22 orders, 67 families, and 256 genera. The four most dominant orders were Perciformes, Characiformes, Siluriformes, and Cypriniformes, accounting for 38.50 14.81 13.90, and 11.16 % of the non-native freshwater fish in China, respectively. Over one-third of non-native freshwater fish species were of South American origin (35.54 %), followed by Asian (23.01 %), and African (21.41 %) origins. The aquarium and aquaculture industries are the two main vectors responsible for the introduction of non-native fish species into China. The status and potential impacts of most non-native fishes are uncertain. This study summarizes the known ecological and economic effects of non-native freshwater fishes in China. The results demonstrate that there are enormous positive and negative impacts of non-native fishes on the economy, and that some non-native species are potential threats to humans and biodiversity in China. Therefore, more attention should be focused on non-native fishes in China in the future.

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Effects of increased salinity and an introduced predator on lowland amphibians in Southern China: Species identity matters

Cited by 63 publications

References 49 publications

A global perspective on wetland salinization: ecological consequences of a growing threat to freshwater wetlands

A global perspective on wetland salinization: ecological consequences of a growing threat to freshwater wetlands

A novel application of motion analysis for detecting stress responses in embryos at different stages of development

Non-native freshwater fish species in China

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