Effects of Irrigation Using Activated Brackish Water on the Bacterial Community Structure of Rhizosphere Soil

Abstract

The technology for the activation of irrigation brackish water was successful at improving the soil environment and crop yields. However, very few studies have examined how activated brackish water irrigation affects the rhizosphere bacterial communities and network patterns. By combining 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, we evaluated the diversity and composition of the rhizosphere bacterial community after being subjected to different types of irrigation with activated brackish water. We also analyzed the correlation and co-occurrence networks among the bacterial diversity, composition, and rhizosphere soil properties. The results showed that compared with brackish water irrigation, the salt content of activated irrigation water significantly decreased by 9.35%, 9.83%, and 12.95%, respectively. Irrigation with different types of activated brackish water had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on the diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial community, but it significantly changed its community composition, which was primarily dominated by soil nutrient indicators. The soil total nitrogen (TN) showed a significant (p < 0.01) negative correlation with the Chao1 index. Additionally, the changes in bacterial communities under different types of activated brackish irrigation water mainly occurred at the genus level. We showed that the rhizosphere soil that had been irrigated with oxygenated brackish water and magnetized brackish water better supported the reproduction of some soil-borne pathogens. Magnetization-oxygenation coupling treatment could significantly reduce the colonization of soil-borne pathogens of the rhizosphere soil, while also favoring the function of functional bacteria involved in soil nutrient transformation. This study highlights the main factors affecting the rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure by activated brackish water irrigation, while also providing new technical support for brackish water irrigation.

Enhancing salt tolerance and crop growth in agricultural systems: the impact of magnetized‐ionized water irrigation on soil properties, microbial communities, and cotton growth

“…Under magnetized‐ionized water irrigation, there was no significant difference in the diversity of soil bacterial communities when compared with non‐magnetized‐ionized water irrigation. This observation aligns with earlier research findings 66 . Nevertheless, the influence of magnetized‐ionized water irrigation on fungal community structure was notably more pronounced.…”

“…This suggests that magnetized‐ionized brackish water enhanced the diversity and richness of the fungal community significantly. Furthermore, magnetized‐ionized water treatment has been shown to decrease the relative abundance of plant pathogenic fungi in soil while concurrently enhancing the bacterial populations responsible for nutrient conversion 66 . Notably, magnetized‐ionized water irrigation leads to a significant increase in the relative abundance of key bacterial taxa, including Pseudomonas and Azoarcus in the soil.…”

“…This observation aligns with earlier research findings. 66 Nevertheless, the influence of magnetized-ionized water irrigation on fungal community structure was notably more pronounced. Various indices reflecting fungal community richness and diversity, such as the Chao1, Pielou, Shannon, and Simpson indices, all exhibited increases in the case of magnetized-ionized brackish water irrigation.…”

“…Furthermore, magnetized-ionized water treatment has been shown to decrease the relative abundance of plant pathogenic fungi in soil while concurrently enhancing the bacterial populations responsible for nutrient conversion. 66 Notably, magnetized-ionized water irrigation leads to a significant increase in the relative abundance of key bacterial taxa, including Pseudomonas and Azoarcus in the soil. These bacterial exhibit diverse metabolic capabilities: Pseudomonas can efficiently degrade various organic compounds, including certain toxic substances, while Azoarcus forms symbiotic relationships with plant roots, thereby contributing to an increased availability of nitrogen sources in the soil.…”