Effects of light or dark phase testing on behavioural and cognitive performance in DBA mice

Roedel, Angelika; Storch, Corinna; Holsboer, Florian; Ohl, Frauke

doi:10.1258/002367706778476343

Cited by 88 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The time of day of testing was selected to be under red light condition since rodents are nocturnal animals and are most active in the early dark phase. Roedel et al (2006) shows the effects of light or dark phase testing on behavioral and cognitive performance in DBA mice in the mHB 16 . Other studies have performed mHB experiments under white light conditions 1,6 , however, it should be noted that testing under white light conditions can induce behavioral inhibition and cognitive disruption (as shown in DBA mice) 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Modified Hole Board - Measuring Behavior, Cognition and Social Interaction in Mice and Rats

Labots

Lith

Ohl

et al. 2015

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This protocol describes the modified hole board (mHB), which combines features from a traditional hole board and open field and is designed to measure multiple dimensions of unconditioned behavior in small laboratory mammals (e.g., mice, rats, tree shrews and small primates). This paradigm is a valuable alternative for the use of a behavioral test battery, since a broad behavioral spectrum of an animal's behavioral profile can be investigated in one single test.The apparatus consists of a box, representing the 'protected' area, separated from a group compartment. A board, on which small cylinders are staggered in three lines, is placed in the center of the box, representing the 'unprotected' area of the set-up. The cognitive abilities of the animals can be measured by baiting some cylinders on the board and measuring the working and reference memory. Other unconditioned behavior, such as activity-related-, anxiety-related-and social behavior, can be observed using this paradigm. Behavioral flexibility and the ability to habituate to a novel environment can additionally be observed by subjecting the animals to multiple trials in the mHB, revealing insight into the animals' adaptive capacities.Due to testing order effects in a behavioral test battery, naïve animals should be used for each individual experiment. By testing multiple behavioral dimensions in a single paradigm and thereby circumventing this issue, the number of experimental animals used is reduced. Furthermore, by avoiding social isolation during testing and without the need to food deprive the animals, the mHB represents a behavioral test system, inducing if any, very low amount of stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4. Allow the animal to freely explore the mHB for a period of time (often 5 min 1,6,[16][17][18] ). 5.…”

Section: Behavioral Testing -Without the Presence Of Group Matesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Modified Hole Board - Measuring Behavior, Cognition and Social Interaction in Mice and Rats

Labots

Lith

Ohl

et al. 2015

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“…However, the flanking allele effect was not sometimes considered as an important factor for behavior determination (Crusio, Goldowitz, Holmes, & Wolfer, 2009). It is also necessary to stress that mice are nocturnal animals (Roedel, Storch, Holsboer, & Ohl, 2006), and thus, experiments performed in their nonactive phase can be affected by this fact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The deletion of M₄ muscarinic receptors increases motor activity in females in the dark phase

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesM4 muscarinic receptors (MR) presumably play a role in motor coordination. Previous studies have shown different results depending on genetic background and number of backcrosses. However, no attention has been given to biorhythms.Material and MethodsWe therefore analyzed biorhythms under a light/dark cycle obtained telemetrically in intact animals (activity, body temperature) in M4 KO mice growth on the C57Bl6 background using ChronosFit software. Studying pure effects of gene knockout in daily rhythms is especially important knowledge for pharmacological/behavioral studies in which drugs are usually tested in the morning.ResultsWe show that M4 KO mice motor activity does not differ substantially from wild‐type mice during light period while in the dark phase (mice active part of the day), the M4 KO mice reveal biorhythm changes in many parameters. Moreover, these differences are sex‐dependent and are evident in females only. Mesor, night–day difference, and night value were doubled or tripled when comparing female KO versus male KO. Our in vitro autoradiography demonstrates that M4 MR proportion represents 24% in the motor cortex (MOCx), 30% in the somatosensory cortex, 50% in the striatum, 69% in the thalamus, and 48% in the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL). The M4 MR densities were negligible in the subparaventricular zone, the posterior hypothalamic area, and in the suprachiasmatic nuclei.ConclusionsWe conclude that cholinergic signaling at M4 MR in brain structures such as striatum, MOCx, and probably with the important participation of IGL significantly control motor activity biorhythm. Animal activity differs in the light and dark phases, which should be taken into consideration when interpreting the results.

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“…In older women, there is a direct correlation between weak circadian activity rhythms and poorer executive function (14). In preclinical studies, mice trained in cortical-driven cognitive tasks show pronounced diurnal differences in performance (15)(16)(17). Moreover, mice housed under a shortened day (20-h light-dark cycle of 10-h light, 10-h dark) displayed reduced cognitive flexibility and a loss of dendritic length and complexity in the PFC (18).…”

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Effects of aging on circadian patterns of gene expression in the human prefrontal cortex

Chen

Logan

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

238

219

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With aging, significant changes in circadian rhythms occur, including a shift in phase toward a “morning” chronotype and a loss of rhythmicity in circulating hormones. However, the effects of aging on molecular rhythms in the human brain have remained elusive. Here, we used a previously described time-of-death analysis to identify transcripts throughout the genome that have a significant circadian rhythm in expression in the human prefrontal cortex [Brodmann’s area 11 (BA11) and BA47]. Expression levels were determined by microarray analysis in 146 individuals. Rhythmicity in expression was found in ∼10% of detected transcripts (P < 0.05). Using a metaanalysis across the two brain areas, we identified a core set of 235 genes (q < 0.05) with significant circadian rhythms of expression. These 235 genes showed 92% concordance in the phase of expression between the two areas. In addition to the canonical core circadian genes, a number of other genes were found to exhibit rhythmic expression in the brain. Notably, we identified more than 1,000 genes (1,186 in BA11; 1,591 in BA47) that exhibited age-dependent rhythmicity or alterations in rhythmicity patterns with aging. Interestingly, a set of transcripts gained rhythmicity in older individuals, which may represent a compensatory mechanism due to a loss of canonical clock function. Thus, we confirm that rhythmic gene expression can be reliably measured in human brain and identified for the first time (to our knowledge) significant changes in molecular rhythms with aging that may contribute to altered cognition, sleep, and mood in later life.

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Effects of light or dark phase testing on behavioural and cognitive performance in DBA mice

Cited by 88 publications

References 40 publications

The Modified Hole Board - Measuring Behavior, Cognition and Social Interaction in Mice and Rats

The Modified Hole Board - Measuring Behavior, Cognition and Social Interaction in Mice and Rats

The deletion of M₄ muscarinic receptors increases motor activity in females in the dark phase

Effects of aging on circadian patterns of gene expression in the human prefrontal cortex

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Effects of light or dark phase testing on behavioural and cognitive performance in DBA mice

Cited by 88 publications

References 40 publications

The Modified Hole Board - Measuring Behavior, Cognition and Social Interaction in Mice and Rats

The Modified Hole Board - Measuring Behavior, Cognition and Social Interaction in Mice and Rats

The deletion of M4 muscarinic receptors increases motor activity in females in the dark phase

Effects of aging on circadian patterns of gene expression in the human prefrontal cortex

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Product

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The deletion of M₄ muscarinic receptors increases motor activity in females in the dark phase