Effects of Liquid Nitrogen Cooling on the Microstructure Properties of Nano-Modified Concrete Under Hot Conditions

Harith, Iman Kattoof; Hassan, Maan S.; Hasan, Shatha S.

doi:10.1007/s13369-021-06496-5

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…From the XRD pattern in Fig. 5, it was distinguished that all mixes displayed a calcium hydroxide peak at a 2-theta angle of 17.7 [23]. XRD patterns recommend that the calcium hydroxide was consumed by the pozzolanic reaction of the GP.…”

Section: Results Of Xrd Patternmentioning

confidence: 94%

An Eco-Sustainable Production of Cement Mortar Containing Waste Glass as Partial Replacement of Cement

Aswed

Harith

2022

KEM

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1.1 BackgroundGlass, with its variety of forms, is a typical amorphous material that whenrecycled for numerous times, it may maintain similar chemical properties. Preliminary examination and pozzalanic activity index testing exhibited compliance with specifications and a potential for use as a supplementary cementitious material. The effects of replacement percentages that ranged from 0-20% by the total binder weight on various fresh, hardened, durability and microstructure properties were investigated. The percent of replacement 20% of glass powder (GP) by the total binder weight revealed the highest results for strength mortar. Expansion due to alkali silica reaction (ASR) reduced considerably with the increased GP content, and a level of 20% GP has exhibited the best ASR resistance. Rate of water absorption was found to reduce with replacements in the range up to 15%, indicating more impedance to capillary water permeability and expected improved durability. XRD results suggest that GP has a positive effect on the consumption of portlandite, especially in the higher percent. An average glass content of 15-20% was found optimal to produce an eco-sustainable mortar where cement is partially replaced with as much waste material as possible, and that achieves high levels of mechanical characteristics.

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Section: Results Of Xrd Patternmentioning

confidence: 94%

An Eco-Sustainable Production of Cement Mortar Containing Waste Glass as Partial Replacement of Cement

Aswed

Harith

2022

KEM

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“…The application of liquid nitrogen showed relevant efficiency when analyzing the curve of the thermal profile of the concretes developed, over time, verifying lower launch temperatures for mixtures with liquid nitrogen (CN80 and CN110), in comparison with the reference sample. It was found that the higher consumption of liquid nitrogen per cubic meter of concrete leads to a greater reduction in the temperature of this composite, with the use of liquid nitrogen being a promising alternative as a method of pre-cooling mass concrete in regions with hot climates, as evidenced by Kattoof, Hassan and Hasan (2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cooling the mixture with liquid nitrogen at -196 °C provides effects similar to the application of ice (ACI, 2005), however the use of liquid nitrogen cools the concrete more uniformly, promoting a more consistent slump (BEAVER, 2004), as having lower temperatures and occupying a smaller volume than ice, which makes it more convenient to transport and store (GAJDA; SUMODJO, 2012). Kattoof, Hassan and Hasan (2022) point to ice and cold water as insufficient pre-cooling methods to reduce extreme temperatures in hot climate environments. When greater temperature reductions are required, cooling by injecting liquid nitrogen into concrete may be the most convenient means, not affecting the amount of mixing water and providing precise temperature control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Harith; Hassan;Hasan (2022) Mixtures of binary and ternary bindersThe results indicate that the peak temperature was significantly reduced by the use of liquid nitrogen. However, the arrival time to peak temperature was significantly extended Kattoof; Hassan; Hasan (2022) Concretes containing fly ash and nanosilicaLiquid nitrogen has a positive influence on portlandite consumption, especially in nanomodified concrete, which could eliminate the propagation of new cracks and result in finer and denser internal microstructures…”

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confidence: 99%

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Thermal evaluation of the use of liquid nitrogen as a pre-cooling methodology for mass concrete for use in an onshore wind tower

SILVA,

CABRAL

et al. 2023

Proceedings of XIX International Conference on Building Pathology and Constructions Repair

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Onshore wind turbines are commonly supported by massive foundations, composed of hundreds of cubic meters of concrete and tons of steel. This mass concrete releases high heat of hydration during the construction process, especially in the initial period. The high temperature gradient generates significant tensile stresses in the outer zones of the pouring volume, causing the appearance of cracks. As a precooling method for mass concrete, liquid nitrogen (LN) is used to cool the constituent aggregates, with a marked reduction in the temperature gradient of the concrete. The present study aims to evaluate the efficiency of using liquid nitrogen in improving the thermal properties of fresh and hardened concrete in foundations of onshore wind towers. For this purpose, three different mixes of concrete were produced, varying the concentration of liquid nitrogen. The proportions of 80 liters of LN and 110 liters of LN were used for each cubic meter of concrete for cooling the coarse and fine aggregates. For standard or reference sample, no cooling method was used. The heat loss of the concrete over seven days or until the thermal equilibrium of the specimens was analyzed. In parallel, cylindrical specimens were molded, with dimensions of 10 centimeters in diameter and 20 centimeters in height, to evaluate the physical-mechanical properties of the developed concretes. Standardized tests were carried out according to Brazilian regulations, such as the water absorption, void index, specific mass, axial compression strength test and modulus of elasticity. The results show the efficiency of liquid nitrogen application for significant temperature reduction in concreting conditions in hot climate regions.

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“…In contrast, WG is amorphous and siliceous and is a candidate cementitious material owing to its pozzolanic activity [14]. The silica in the glass may dissolve in the presence of an alkaline, namely portlandite Ca(OH)2 , to form calcium-silicate hydrates (CSH).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Performance of Steel Slag and Waste Glass as a Cement Replacement

Azeez,

Hassan,

Atiyah

2023

ETJ

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This work assessed the pozzolanic activity of locally available steel slag and waste glass in mortars.• Effects of steel slag and waste glass replacing cement on workability, density, and strength index are studied. • Unlike waste glass, steel slag decreased mortar strength and workability. • Steel slag improved compressive strength and mitigated the negative impact of waste glass in concrete.The industrial development and growth in population activity caused an annual increase in solid wastes over the past decades. The emissions of CO2 from the cement industry are the main source of air pollution. Recycling wastes as cementitious materials conserve the ecosystem in different aspects, e.g., reduction of CO2 footprint. Consequently, the pozzolanic activity of two solid wastes abundantly available in Iraq, steel slag (SS) and waste glass (WG), were evaluated. This study aimed to replace them with ordinary Portland cement. This will achieve a sustainable, eco-efficient, and environmentally friendly construction industry. The Chemical analysis of the wastes by XRF and XRD suggests a possible cementitious capability owing to the amorphous nature of WG and the presence of C3S and C2S in SS. Accordingly, due to international standards, cubic mortars were produced by replacing cement with SS at 50% and WG at 50% and 20%. The effects of such replacements on the compressive strength of mortars were evaluated by comparison with that of the control mortars. WG increases workability and results in a higher strength index (72.8%) than that of SS (48.7%) at similar replacement levels (50%). Subsequently, SS and WG replaced coarse aggregates (CA) and cement, respectively, in concrete. The results revealed positive effects of SS on compressive strength in contrast to WG influence. The compressive strength of concrete cured for 91d increased by about 20% compared to the control sample upon incorporation of 50% SS without any WG.

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Effects of Liquid Nitrogen Cooling on the Microstructure Properties of Nano-Modified Concrete Under Hot Conditions

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

An Eco-Sustainable Production of Cement Mortar Containing Waste Glass as Partial Replacement of Cement

An Eco-Sustainable Production of Cement Mortar Containing Waste Glass as Partial Replacement of Cement

Thermal evaluation of the use of liquid nitrogen as a pre-cooling methodology for mass concrete for use in an onshore wind tower

Evaluation of the Performance of Steel Slag and Waste Glass as a Cement Replacement

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