Effects of local and spatial conditions on the quality of harvested rainwater in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Wilbers, Gert-Jan; Sebesvári, Zita; Rechenburg, Andrea; Renaud, Fabrice G.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.019

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Wilber et al [20] did not observe any noteworthy differences in the water quality. Nevertheless, concrete tanks were observed to contribute manganese to the water body although their concentrations were below those recommended by international water standards.…”

Section: Rainwater Runoff Quality Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the effect of additional sterilization, due to the installation of metal roofs, does not result in clearly superior rainwater quality [19]. Wilber et al [20] showed that thatched roofs produce runoff of higher turbidity and the highest degree of organic contamination. Lee et al [15] states that galvanised and clay tiles show the most suitable behaviour as roofing materials for RWH applications.…”

Section: Rainwater Runoff Quality Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Simulation of Decentralised Water and Energy Supply Concepts – Case Study of Rainwater Harvesting at the Angkor Centre for Conservation of Biodiversity in Cambodia

Czarny¹,

Präbst²,

Spinnler³

et al. 2017

J. sustain. dev. energy water environ. syst.

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Besides a sufficient energy supply, concepts for accommodations require an intelligent water management. Using the example of quarters that do not have water and energy access, a dynamic simulation model is presented in which a rainwater harvesting concept is implemented and simulated over one year using MATLAB-Simulink. The aim is to minimize respectively suspend the use of fossil energy sources and to guarantee the provision of decentralized clean drinking water. Since traditional water bodies, e.g. groundwater, are increasingly polluted and depleted, utilisation of alternative sources is prudent. Especially in rural areas, where access to drinking water is scarce, rainwater is suitable for providing potable water. Besides its beneficial chemical water properties, it is easily accessed in a decentralized manner, which makes it a preferred choice in areas with sufficient precipitation. However, access to rainwater is limited by its occurrence and contamination, calling for proper storage, utilisation, and treatment strategies. For this purpose, a rainwater harvesting system, including different water and energy management systems, was modelled and implemented using the site of the Angkor Centre for Conservation of Biodiversity in Cambodia as an example. For the simulation, a precipitation generator was implemented using real historical rain event data. An appropriate rainwater treatment process was chosen, consisting of a microfiltration and a subsequent ultrafiltration unit removing bacteriological loads entirely. Both were modelled and implemented dynamically. Using the site of the Angkor Centre of Conservation of Biodiversity, a complete rainwater harvesting plant was implemented including harvest, storage, and utilization of rainwater. Further, a renewable energy * Corresponding author Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment SystemsYear 2017 Volume 5, Issue 4, pp 626-644 627 management strategy is developed, using photovoltaic modules and batteries. It was shown that the cumulative runoff meets the water demand of the Angkor Centre for Conservation of Biodiversity and that the energy demand of the rainwater system as well as the site can be met by the installed photovoltaics on the existing roof area.

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Section: Rainwater Runoff Quality Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rainwater Runoff Quality Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Simulation of Decentralised Water and Energy Supply Concepts – Case Study of Rainwater Harvesting at the Angkor Centre for Conservation of Biodiversity in Cambodia

Czarny¹,

Präbst²,

Spinnler³

et al. 2017

J. sustain. dev. energy water environ. syst.

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“…Other measures should be considered to provide safe and clean water to rural communities in the MD, such as harvested rainwater and surface and groundwater. Harvested rainwater, for example, could be a good alternative, especially for low-income families since, when properly stored, the quality is generally good when compared with groundwater and surface water [6]. However, the quantity of this water source could be insufficient in the dry season.…”

Section: Alternative Water Supply Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surface water is also widely available but is intensively polluted by nutrients, agrochemicals and microbial contaminants [3,4]. Rainwater is another popular drinking water source, although most people do not have sufficient storage capacity to supply water-year round [5] and the quality is often deteriorated by a variety of factors including unhygienic post-harvest practices [6]. As a result, Vietnam has a high rate of water-borne diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piped-Water Supplies in Rural Areas of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: Water Quality and Household Perceptions

Wilbers

Sebesvári

Renaud

2014

Water

Self Cite

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Abstract:In the Mekong Delta (MD) in Vietnam, piped-water supply stations are being intensively built to reach the millennium development goal (MDG) to provide safe and clean drinking water resources to communities. However, studies focusing on the effectiveness of supply stations in reaching these goals are scarce to date. Water samples from 41 water supply stations in the MD were collected between June and October 2012. Water samples were analyzed for general parameters, salinity, nutrients, metal(loid)s and microbial indicator bacteria and compared with World Health Organization (WHO) and Vietnamese drinking water guidelines. In addition, 542 household interviews were conducted to investigate the connection rate to piped-water and people's perceptions regarding piped-water supplies. The results show that water guidelines were exceeded for pH (min. 6.2), turbidity (max. 10 FTU), Cl (max. 1,576 mg·L ). Moreover, more than half of the interviewed households with access to a piped-water supply did not use this supply as a source of drinking water due to (i) high connection fees; (ii) preference for other water sources; and (iii) perceived poor quality/quantity. Our study shows that the maintenance and distribution of water supply stations should significantly improve in order for piped-water to become a reliable drinking water source. Additionally, alternatives, such as rainwater harvesting and decentralized treatment facilities, should also be considered.

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“…Regarding household water treatment, although tap water is the only pretreated source, it is the main one that is additionally treated in the household (for a detailed account of the statistics, see : Kotsila 2014: 217). Water quality analysis from Can Tho and surrounding areas shows that the non-treatment of well-or rain-water poses increased risks of exposure to a range of pollutants, including the enterobacteria that cause diarrhea (Buschmann et al 2008;Van Toan et al 2013;Wilbers et al 2013). But piped water schemes have greater health promotion about the risk of diarrhea, which could partially explain why more care is taken and well and rainwater largely goes untreated.…”

Section: Passing Down Public Health Responsibilities and Individualizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health dispossessions and the moralization of disease: the case of diarrhea in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Kotsila

2017

Journal of Political Ecology

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Despite the swift development of Vietnam's water supply and sanitation (wat/san) sector, over the last ten years there have been 1.5 million annual documented cases of diarrhea. Western perspectives blame insufficient medical or economic advancement for failing to prevent diarrhea and its treatment, failing to grasp how disease is shaped in the cultural, moral and political domain. This article examines the nature and function of public health policy and discourse against the spread of the disease in Can Tho City, Mekong Delta. Some 94 qualitative interviews were conducted with government representatives, medical staff and water experts, and a survey of 131 households in urban and rural areas. Focusing only on improving the construction of wat/san 'hardware' does not improve 'cultural software', and ignores the needs of vulnerable minorities, compromising the control of diarrhea. I also show how state discourse follows neoliberal approaches in individualizing health responsibilities, and moralizing disease. Local (mis)perceptions and risky behaviors emerge as the result of structural constraints that include poverty, a lack of access to useful health information, and the cultivation of stigma around diarrhea. These types of health dispossessions serve a political purpose, where the state escapes responsibility for public health failures, and thus enhancing its efforts to maintain legitimacy as a good implementer and a 'caring head.' Keywords: Vietnam, public health, health individualization, moralization of disease, blame discourse, diarrhea. RésuméMalgré le développement rapide du secteur de l'approvisionnement en eau et de l'assainissement (wat / san) au Vietnam, il y a eu au cours des dix dernières années 1,5 million de cas annuels de diarrhée. Les perspectives occidentales accusent l'insuffisance de progrès médicaux ou économiques pour ne pas prévenir la diarrhée et son traitement, ne comprenant pas comment la maladie est façonnée dans le domaine culturel, moral et politique. Cet article examine la nature et la fonction de la politique de santé publique et le discours contre la propagation de la maladie dans la ville de Can Tho, dans le delta du Mékong. Quelque 94 entrevues qualitatives ont été menées auprès de représentants du gouvernement, du personnel médical et des experts en eau, et une enquête auprès de 131 ménages vivant en milieu urbain et rural. Se concentrer uniquement sur l'amélioration de la construction du «matériel» wat / san n'améliore pas les «logiciels culturels» et ignore les besoins des minorités vulnérables, compromettant ainsi le contrôle de la diarrhée. Je montre aussi comment le discours d'Etat suit les approches néolibérales en individualisant les responsabilités en matière de santé et en moralisant les maladies. Les perceptions locales et les comportements à risque sont le résultat de contraintes structurelles qui incluent la pauvreté, le manque d'accès à des informations utiles sur la santé et la propagation de la stigmatisation autour de la diarrhée. Ces types de dépossessi...

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Effects of local and spatial conditions on the quality of harvested rainwater in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

Development and Simulation of Decentralised Water and Energy Supply Concepts – Case Study of Rainwater Harvesting at the Angkor Centre for Conservation of Biodiversity in Cambodia

Development and Simulation of Decentralised Water and Energy Supply Concepts – Case Study of Rainwater Harvesting at the Angkor Centre for Conservation of Biodiversity in Cambodia

Piped-Water Supplies in Rural Areas of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: Water Quality and Household Perceptions

Health dispossessions and the moralization of disease: the case of diarrhea in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

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