Effects of Maternal Drinking and Marijuana Use on Fetal Growth and Development

Hingson, Ralph; Alpert, Joel J.; Day, Nancy L.; Dooling, Elizabeth C.; Kayne, Herbert L.; Morelock, Suzette; Oppenheimer, Edgar Y.; Zuckerman, Barry

doi:10.1097/00006254-198307000-00006

Cited by 57 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…The lack of adverse outcomes due to consumption up to moderate levels is consistent with several previous studies of effects on either weight or HC in children ranging from birth to 24 months [9,12,24,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. One study that measured children at birth and then again at 6 years also found no effects associated with measures of actual alcohol consumption, although reduced HC and length were associated with a measure of indications of problem drinking [24,51].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In contrast, a number of studies have found no deleterious effects on one or more of these growth parameters at birth [9,12,24,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42], at 12 months [12,41], 24 months [12], and at 4, 7, and 14 years [42]. The different findings between studies reflect a number of factors such as the duration and amount of alcohol use among different samples with findings for moderate levels of alcohol exposure being more inconsistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and physical outcomes up to 5 years of age: a longitudinal study

O’Callaghan

Najman

et al. 2003

Early Human Development

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Aim: To examine whether alcohol exposure in pregnancy affects weight and head circumference (HC) at birth and 5 years, and whether these effects are independent of cigarette exposure in pregnancy and social disadvantage.Study design: The Mater-University Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) involves a prospective cohort of 8556 mothers who were enrolled at first antenatal visit. The quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption in early and late pregnancy and a measure of binge drinking in early pregnancy were recorded. Weight and HC were measured on children seen at birth and at 5 years. Level of cigarette use in early pregnancy and maternal age and level of education and family income were also measured.Results: Light and moderate alcohol consumption in early or later pregnancy had no independent effects on weight or HC at birth or 5 years. Binge drinking in early pregnancy was not associated with restricted HC, and there was no effect modification by concurrent cigarette use in early pregnancy. An apparent effect of alcohol in late pregnancy on birth weight was due to confounding by cigarette use, with social risk being an independent predictor. Conclusion:Alcohol ingestion up to moderate levels in pregnancy was not associated with deficits in either weight or HC at birth or at 5 years.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and physical outcomes up to 5 years of age: a longitudinal study

O’Callaghan

Najman

et al. 2003

Early Human Development

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“…Previous research linking antenatal cannabis use and adverse pregnancy outcomes has been inconclusive (5). A number of studies have reported some adverse effects, including low birth weight (6)(7)(8)(9), preterm birth (7,8,10), small for gestational age (SGA) (7), and small birth length (11,12). However, other studies have disputed these findings (10,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth outcomes associated with cannabis use before and during pregnancy

et al. 2011

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Articles Clinical Investigationnature publishing group INTRODUCTION:This study aimed to examine the association between cannabis use before and during pregnancy and birth outcomes. RESULTS: Overall, 26.3% of women reported previous use of cannabis and 2.6% reported current use. Multivariate analysis, controlling for potential confounders, including tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and use of other illicit drugs, showed that cannabis use in pregnancy was associated with low birth weight (odds ratio (OR) = 1.7; 95% confidence interval (cI): 1.3-2.2), preterm labor (OR = 1.5; 95% cI: 1.1-1.9), small for gestational age (OR = 2.2; 95% cI: 1.8-2.7), and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (OR = 2.0; 95% cI: 1.7-2.4). DISCUSSION:The results of this study show that the use of cannabis in pregnancy is associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. Prevention programs that address cannabis use during pregnancy are needed. METHODS: Data were from women birthing at the Mater Mothers' hospital in Brisbane, australia, over a 7-y period (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006). Women were interviewed in the initial antenatal visit about their use of cannabis and other substances. Records for 24,874 women who provided information about cannabis use, and for whom birth outcomes data were available, were included in the analysis.

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“…Minimum evidence exists on a significant association between prenatal and/or breastfeeding marijuana exposure and risk for stillbirth, SIDS, development of depression, delinquent behavior, congenital heart lesions, psychosis, or future marijuana use [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Limited evidence also exists for preterm and low birth weight [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. More longitudinal studies need to be performed to assess all health effects of perinatal and breastfeeding marijuana exposure.…”

Section: Pregnancy and Breastfeedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Concerns Due to Expanded Cannabis Use: Unintended Consequences of Legalization

Wang

2016

J. Med. Toxicol.

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An "unintended consequence" of marijuana legalization is the impact on the pediatric population. From prenatal exposure to unintentional childhood exposures, through concerns of adolescence abuse and marijuana use for medicinal indications in children, marijuana exposure can affect pediatric patients at every stage in childhood. Regardless of the stage or reason of exposure, concerns exist about short-term and long-term consequences in a child's physical and mental health. The use of cannabidiol (CBD) may have some benefit for the treatment of epilepsy, but emphasis needs to be on rigorous clinical trials to evaluate efficacy and safety. As more states allow both medical and recreational marijuana, availability and prevalence of use will likely increase and more surveillance and research is needed to evaluate the consequences on the pediatric population.

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Effects of Maternal Drinking and Marijuana Use on Fetal Growth and Development

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and physical outcomes up to 5 years of age: a longitudinal study

Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and physical outcomes up to 5 years of age: a longitudinal study

Birth outcomes associated with cannabis use before and during pregnancy

Pediatric Concerns Due to Expanded Cannabis Use: Unintended Consequences of Legalization

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