Effects of mechanical and chemical procedures on root canal surfaces

Gulabivala, K; Patel, Bina; Evans, Geoffrey J.; Ng, Yuan-Ling

doi:10.1111/j.1601-1546.2005.00133.x

Cited by 203 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 204 publications

(281 reference statements)

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“…The predominant genera are Lactobacillus (30 per cent), Streptococcus (13 per cent), and Propionibacterium (9 per cent). 18 The presence of Gram-negative bacteria in root canal dentine has been confirmed indirectly by the detection of high concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the inner layers up to 300µm in depth. 18 One study 15 reported that E. faecalis did not invade the dentine tubules until after two weeks of incubation when cementum was intact.…”

Section: Microbial Invasion Of Dentinementioning

confidence: 99%

The use of calcium hydroxide, antibiotics and biocides as antimicrobial medicaments in endodontics

Athanassiadis

Abbott

Walsh

2007

Australian Dental Journal

300

278

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Bacteria have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of pulp and periapical diseases. The primary aim of endodontic treatment is to remove as many bacteria as possible from the root canal system and then to create an environment in which any remaining organisms cannot survive. This can only be achieved through the use of a combination of aseptic treatment techniques, chemomechanical preparation of the root canal, antimicrobial irrigating solutions and intracanal medicaments. The choice of which intracanal medicament to use is dependent on having an accurate diagnosis of the condition being treated, as well as a thorough knowledge of the type of organisms likely to be involved and their mechanisms of growth and survival. Since the disease is likely to have been caused by the presence of bacteria within the root canal, the use of an antimicrobial agent is essential. Many medicaments have been used in an attempt to achieve the above aims but no single preparation has been found to be completely predictable or effective. Commonly used medicaments include calcium hydroxide, antibiotics, non-phenolic biocides, phenolic biocides and iodine compounds. Each has advantages and disadvantages, and further research is required to determine which is best suited for root canal infections.Key words: Endodontics, bacteria, antimicrobial, medicaments.Abbreviations and acronyms: Ca(OH) 2 = calcium hydroxide; CFU = colony forming units; CHX = chlorhexidine; CMP = camphorated monochlorophenol; CP = camphorated phenol; IPI = iodine potassium iodide; LPS = lipopolysaccharide; NaOCI = sodium hypochlorite; PEG = polyethyleneglycol; PMCP = paramonochlorophenol; QAC = quaternary ammonium compounds.

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Section: Microbial Invasion Of Dentinementioning

confidence: 99%

The use of calcium hydroxide, antibiotics and biocides as antimicrobial medicaments in endodontics

Athanassiadis

Abbott

Walsh

2007

Australian Dental Journal

300

278

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“…Additionally, the intricacies within the apical third of the root canal render complete debridement a clinical challenge [4]. Irrigation is an essential part of the root canal debridement because cleaning beyond what can be achieved by root canal instrumentation alone is possible [5]. The mechanical and chemical effectiveness of the irrigation delivery system depends on its ability to deliver irrigants to the apical third and non-instrumented regions of the canal space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Efficacies of Debris Removal With Four Different Irrigation Techniques

Iriboz

2014

J Curr Surg

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“…A atuação física da irrigação dos canais radiculares pode ser influenciada por diversos fatores, entre os quais: tipo e diâmetro da agulha irrigadora 3,4 , profundidade da agulha no interior do canal 3,5 , diâmetro final do preparo 6,7 , diâmetro foraminal 8,9 e grau de curvatura do canal 5,10 , além do volume e das propriedades da solução irrigadora utilizada 11 . A ação da solução irrigadora pode ser afetada negativamente por agulhas de grande diâmetro, por maiores distâncias entre a ponta da agulha e o batente apical, e também por canais pouco dilatados 5 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Influência do diâmetro foraminal do canal radicular, do tipo e da penetração de agulha, e do fluxo da solução irrigadora na limpeza e na extrusão apical

Tanomaru‐Filho

Loiola

Miano

et al. 2014

Rev. odontol. UNESP

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Influência do diâmetro foraminal do canal radicular, do tipo e da penetração de agulha, e do fluxo da solução irrigadora na limpeza e na extrusão apical Descritores: Endodontia; irrigantes do canal radicular; radiologia. Abstract Introduction:The root canal irrigation aims to clean and disinfect the root canal system, without causing apical extrusion. Objective: To evaluate the influence of apical foramen diameter, needle penetration depth and needle design, and the irrigating solution flow rate on the cleaning and apical extrusion. Material and method: Roots of human mandibular incisors with single-canal were instrumented and after enlarged with two different root apical sizes (40 and 60 K-files), the root canals were filled with contrast solution thickened with propylene glycol and zinc oxide. Two types of irrigation needles (27-gauge) with different designs (apical or lateral opening) were used, two flow rates corresponding to 15 or 25 mL/min and needle penetration at two depths (3 and 6 mm from the apex). Before and after irrigation, the teeth were radiographed using a digital radiographic system. Pre-irrigation (canals filled with contrast) and post-irrigation (canals with remaining contrast) images were submitted to digital subtraction using the Adobe Photoshop CS4 software and the areas were measured using the Image Tool 3.0 software, obtaining the percentage of cleaning and extrusion. Data obtained were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests with the significance level of 5%. Result: There was no statistical difference between the apical foramen diameter, needle penetration depth and needle design, and the irrigating solution flow rate on the cleaning results (more than 97%) and the level of apical extrusion (less than 0.38 mm 2 ), (p>0,05). Conclusion: All irrigation protocols evaluated provided cleaning of the root canal and low apical extrusion of irrigating solution.

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Effects of mechanical and chemical procedures on root canal surfaces

Cited by 203 publications

References 204 publications

The use of calcium hydroxide, antibiotics and biocides as antimicrobial medicaments in endodontics

The use of calcium hydroxide, antibiotics and biocides as antimicrobial medicaments in endodontics

Comparison of the Efficacies of Debris Removal With Four Different Irrigation Techniques

Influência do diâmetro foraminal do canal radicular, do tipo e da penetração de agulha, e do fluxo da solução irrigadora na limpeza e na extrusão apical

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