Effects of microplastic particles and leaching additive on the life history and morphology of Daphnia magna

Waldman

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

158

With an increasing interest in the effects of microplastic in the soil environment, there is a need to thoroughly evaluate potential adverse effects of these particles as a function of their characteristics (size, shape, and composition). In addition, extractable chemical additives from microplastic have been identified as an important toxicity pathway in the aquatic environment. However, we currently know little about effects of such additives in the soil environment. In this study on nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans), we adopted an ecotoxicological approach to assess the potential effects of thirteen different microplastics with different characteristics and extractable additives. We found that toxic effects appear to increase in the order of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film < polypropylene (PP) fragments < high-density polyethylene (HDPE) fragments ≈ polystyrene (PS) fragments < polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fragments ≈ polyacrylicnitrile (PAN) fibers. Acute toxicity was mainly attributed to the extractable additives: when the additives were extracted, the toxic effects of each microplastic disappeared in the acute soil toxicity test. The harmful effects of LDPE film and PAN fibers increased when the microplastics were maintained in soil for a longterm period with frequent wet-dry cycles. We here provide clear evidence that microplastic toxicity in the soil is highly related to particle characteristics and extractable additives. Our results suggest that future experiments consider extractable additives as a key explanatory variable.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Microplastics on Nematodes in the Soil Environment: Tracking the Extractable Additives Using an Ecotoxicological Approach

Waldman

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

158

Water Environment Research

“…For example, Yin, Chen, Xia, Shi, and Qu (2018) found that PS with a dose of 1 × 10 6 particles/L not only reduced the growth, energy reserve, and nutrient quality of marine jacopever, but also led to significant histopathological changes in the gallbladder and liver. In freshwater ecosystems, undertaken by Daphnia, MPs could cause changes in their behavior, morphology, and transgeneration (Martins & Guilhermino, 2018; Schrank et al, 2019). Additionally, MPs in air or street dust might be inhaled by humans and translocate to the circulatory system or other organs (Abbasi et al, 2019; Wright & Kelly, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of three different microplastics on enzyme activities and microbial communities in soil

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2020

216

Soils always receive microplastics (MPs) from plastic mulching, compost, and sewage irrigation, but the effects of MPs on soil environment remain largely unexplored. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of three MPs (membranous polyethylene (PE), fibrous polypropylene (PP), and microsphere PP) on enzyme activities and microbial community structure in one loamy and sandy soil. The concentration of microsphere PP (2 mg/g) was one-tenth of those of the other two MPs (20 mg/g). The results showed that the effects of three MPs on urease, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities followed the order: fibrous PP > membranous PE > microsphere PP, membranous PE > microsphere PP > fibrous PP and fibrous PP > microsphere PP > membranous PE, respectively. Results from high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that the membranous PE and fibrous PP raised the alpha diversities of the soil microbiota, whereas the diversity indexes of microbiota on MPs surfaces were significantly lower than those in the amended soils. MPs significantly altered the microbial community structure, especially for the enrichment of Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes, the depletion of Deinococcus-Thermus and Chloroflexi. Aeromicrobium, Streptomyces, Mycobacterium, Janibacter, Nocardia, Arthrobacter were prone to inhabit on the MPs surfaces.

Sci. Tech. Dev. J.-Sci. Earth Environ.

“…Ngoài ra, kết quả nghiên cứu khác của Lithner và cộng sự (2012) cũng cho thấy nước rỉ nhựa từ các vật liệu nhựa PVC có độc tính cao nhất với so với các vật liệu nhựa khác (nhựa polypropylene (PP), epoxy) trong phơi nhiễm cấp tính với D. magna 8 . Tương tự, chỉ có 8 mẫu nước rỉ nhựa (có nguồn gốc từ nhựa PVC, PP, polyurethane) trong tổng số 21 mẫu từ các vật liệu nhựa khác nhau trong nghiên cứu của Schrank và cộng sự (2019) gây ảnh hưởng cấp tính lên D. magna 24 . Theo Lithner và cộng sự (2009), đĩa CD được tạo thành gồm một mặt là nhựa PC và mặt kia là nhiều lớp kim loại nặng (Ag, Cr, Co); trong khi đó nhựa PC và PVC có phụ gia với tỷ lệ khá cao là PTA bên cạnh một vài kim loại nặng (chì, cadimi) được dùng trong sản xuất 13 .…”

Section: Tính Toán Xử Lý Số Liệuunclassified

“…Các ảnh hưởng dưới mức độ sống chết (độ tuổi thành thục, kích thước cơ thể, hoạt động của các enzyme) của nước rỉ nhựa từ các vật liệu nhựa phổ biến cũng như của các phụ gia nhựa phổ biến (PTA, BPA) lên sinh vật cũng đã từng được ghi nhận trong các nghiên cứu trước đây. Nghiên cứu của Schrank và cộng sự (2019) từng ghi nhận D. magna trong phơi nhiễm với các hạt nhựa PVC cứng có thời gian thành thục chậm hơn so với sinh vật trong lô đối chứng và phơi nhiễm với các hạt thủy tinh cùng kích thước 24 . Tương tự, kết quả nghiên cứu của Yu và cộng sự (2020) cũng đã cho thấy phơi nhiễm với các hạt nhựa PE có thể gây ra tác động làm trì hoãn thời gian phát triển của trứng cũng như thời gian giữa các lần đẻ trứng của loài copepod Tigriopus japonicu 27 .…”

Section: ảNh Hưởng Của Nước Rỉ Nhựa Lên Sự Thành Thục Của Daphnia Magnaunclassified

Chronic effects of domestic and single used plastic leachates on the microcrustacea Daphnia magna

Nguyen

Dao

2021

Plastic pollution has become one of the most serious environmental issues worldwide. Plastics can contain high amount of additives (e.g., phthalate, bisphenol A, trace metals), and they could be leached out of plastics, enter the aquatic environment and cause toxic effects to aquatic organisms (including microcrustacean). In this study, we investigated chronic effects of plastic leachates from two popular plastic materials (garbage bag and disposable raincoat) on the survival, maturation and reproduction of the microcrustcean Daphnia magna. The results showed that, the plastic leachates from the two materials at the concentration up to 1000 mg/l did not cause negative effect on survival of D. magna. However, exposed to the leachates from the garbage bag (at the concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/l) and from the disposable raincoat (at the concentration of 10 mg/l), the animals delayed their maturity ages compared to the control. Besides, the two kinds of leachates at the concentration of 1000 mg/l stimulated the reproduction of D. magna, resulting the increase of 17 – 37% of total offspring compared to the control, during 21 days of experiment. The results of this study contribute to the understanding on the toxicity of popular plastic materials to the microcrustacean, D. magna. Additionally, the plastic usage and emission into the environment should be paid more attention to protect the aquatic ecosystems and human health.