Effects of Microplastics Associated with Triclosan on the Oyster Crassostrea brasiliana: An Integrated Biomarker Approach

Environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastics influence the locomotor activity of aquatic biota

“…4d). Currently, the interactions between MPs and other contaminants, such as organic pollutants (Guven et al, 2018;Li et al, 2020b;Nobre et al, 2020), trace metals (Barboza et al, 2018a;Banaee et al, 2019;Sıkdokur et al, 2020) and antibiotics (Fonte et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2019b;Zhou et al, 2020), have been widely concerned. However, the interactions among MP characteristics, and between MPs and species have received limited attention, resulting in the mismatch and knowledge gap between the selected exposure condition and the complicated natural environment (Burns and Boxall, 2018;Akdogan and Guven, 2019;de Ruijter et al, 2020).…”

A Paraffin Microtomy Method for Improved and Efficient Production of Standardized Plastic Microfibers

“…These chemicals are harmful to organisms, and because of their affinity for plastic polymers, microplastics can serve as vectors for these pollutants (Koelmans et al, 2016). Conversely, microplastics can also be sinks for such contaminants, depending on the chemical, existing environmental concentrations, organismal concentrations, microplastic polymer, surface area and shape, other organic particles, and environmental conditions (Koelmans et al, 2013; Nobre et al, 2020; Rainieri et al, 2018; Thaysen et al, 2018). It is necessary to have environmentally relevant particle types with well‐defined shapes and surface areas, to be able to test chemical partitioning.…”

Preliminary data indicates the importance of depuration in oysters for microfibers contamination

“…A large number of microfilaments are often released when synthetic clothes are washed with different products, as reported by Lamichhane (2018). Nobre et al (2020) have found combined effects of microplastics associated with triclosan on the physiology and biochemistry of cultivated oyster species C. brasiliana, as well as on lysosomal membrane stability in this bivalve. This issue gets even worse in estuarine regions where oyster extraction and cultivation for human consumption takes place in spite of to the presence of microfibers in the environment (Cho et al, 2019;Van Cauwenberghe;Janssen, 2014;Vieira et al, 2021).…”

“…Moreover, they may lead to bioaccumulation and biomagnification and be introduced in humans' diet (Li et al, 2015;Rochman et al, 2015;Teuten et al, 2009). Problem gets when it comes to cultivable and commercialized bivalve filter animals such as oysters and mussels, since microfibers can be filtered and assimilated by tissues of these mollusks and, consequently, be consumed by humans (Cho et al, 2019;Lusher;Hollman;Mendozal, 2017;Nobre et al, 2020;Rochman, 2015). Purification systems used to clean biological contaminants deriving from microorganisms are an alternative to help mitigate contamination caused by microfibers in bivalves (Leal Diego et al, 2013).…”