Effects of microwave on extracellular vesicles and microRNA in milk

Zhao, Zhehao; Xu, Manlin; Li, Ping

doi:10.3168/jds.2016-12021

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…In this regard, UHT is much more effective [43]. Other choices under recent investigation are microwave treatment or ultrasonication of milk exosomes [39,413].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases

Melnik

Schmitz

2019

J Transl Med

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Milk consumption is a hallmark of western diet. According to common believes, milk consumption has beneficial effects for human health. Pasteurization of cow's milk protects thermolabile vitamins and other organic compounds including bioactive and bioavailable exosomes and extracellular vesicles in the range of 40-120 nm, which are pivotal mediators of cell communication via systemic transfer of specific micro-ribonucleic acids, mRNAs and regulatory proteins such as transforming growth factor-β. There is compelling evidence that human and bovine milk exosomes play a crucial role for adequate metabolic and immunological programming of the newborn infant at the beginning of extrauterine life. Milk exosomes assist in executing an anabolic, growth-promoting and immunological program confined to the postnatal period in all mammals. However, epidemiological and translational evidence presented in this review indicates that continuous exposure of humans to exosomes of pasteurized milk may confer a substantial risk for the development of chronic diseases of civilization including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, common cancers (prostate, breast, liver, B-cells) as well as Parkinson's disease. Exosomes of pasteurized milk may represent new pathogens that should not reach the human food chain.

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“…In this regard, UHT is much more effective [43]. Other choices under recent investigation are microwave treatment or ultrasonication of milk exosomes [39,413].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases

Melnik

Schmitz

2019

J Transl Med

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show abstract

“…Third, ultrasonication leads to the instantaneous destruction of the exosome membrane, with a >98% depletion of exosomal RNAs and a 20% decrease in exosome count (Leiferman et al, 2018). Fourth, microwave heating can also cause further loss of miRNAs and other cargos of milk-derived EVs (Howard et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2018). Besides, the integrity of EVs from pasteurized milk was affected and their composition was changed (Kleinjan et al, 2021).…”

Section: Stability Of Evs In Breast Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Properties of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Physiological Functions in Infant

Jiang

You

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all cells under pathological and physiological conditions. EVs harbor various biomolecules, including protein, lipid, non-coding RNA, messenger RNA, and DNA. In 2007, mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) carried by EVs were found to have regulatory functions in recipient cells. The biological function of EVs has since then increasingly drawn interest. Breast milk, as the most important nutritional source for infants, contains EVs in large quantities. An increasing number of studies have provided the basis for the hypothesis associated with information transmission between mothers and infants via breast milk-derived EVs. Most studies on milk-derived EVs currently focus on miRNAs. Milk-derived EVs contain diverse miRNAs, which remain stable both in vivo and in vitro; as such, they can be absorbed across different species. Further studies have confirmed that miRNAs derived from milk-derived EVs can resist the acidic environment and enzymatic hydrolysis of the digestive tract; moreover, they can be absorbed by intestinal cells in infants to perform physiological functions. miRNAs derived from milk EVs have been reported in the maturation of immune cells, regulation of immune response, formation of neuronal synapses, and development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. This article reviews current status and advances in milk-derived EVs, including their history, biogenesis, molecular contents, and biological functions. The effects of milk-derived EVs on growth and development in both infants and adults were emphasized. Finally, the potential application and future challenges of milk-derived EVs were discussed, providing comprehensive understanding and new insight into milk-derived EVs.

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“…Processes such as pasteurization and homogenization led to significant reduction in levels of milk miR200c and miR29b [ 120 ]. Furthermore, microwave has also been shown to reduce the miRNA and mRNA content of milk EVs, possibly due to EV damage and exposure to degrading enzymes [ 121 ]. While pasteurization might not significantly alter milk EV cargo, ultra-heat-treated milk EV cargo is significantly different than that of pasteurized and raw milk.…”

Section: Milk As a Biofluid In Interindividual And Cross-species Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to milk processing, the EV heterogeneity and composition can also vary based on the isolation method employed. Though differential centrifugation coupled with ultracentrifugation remains the most widely used method for harvesting milk-derived EVs [ 42 , 66 , 123 ], various other methods such as precipitation [ 118 , 121 ] and size exclusion chromatography [ 124 ] are also employed. However, these isolation methods can result in different EV number and composition from the same milk samples [ 125 ].…”

Section: Milk As a Biofluid In Interindividual And Cross-species Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Inter-Organism, Cross-Species Communication and Drug Delivery

et al. 2020

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Milk is considered as more than a source of nutrition for infants and is a vector involved in the transfer of bioactive compounds and cells. Milk contains abundant quantities of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that may originate from multiple cellular sources. These nanosized vesicles have been well characterized and are known to carry a diverse cargo of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other biomolecules. Milk-derived EVs have been demonstrated to survive harsh and degrading conditions in gut, taken up by various cell types, cross biological barriers and reach peripheral tissues. The cargo carried by these dietary EVs has been suggested to have a role in cell growth, development, immune modulation and regulation. Hence, there is considerable interest in understanding the role of milk-derived EVs in mediating inter-organismal and cross-species communication. Furthermore, various attributes such as it being a natural source, as well as its abundance, scalability, economic viability and lack of unwarranted immunologic reactions, has generated significant interest in deploying milk-derived EVs for clinical applications such as drug delivery and disease therapy. In this review, the role of milk-derived EVs in inter-organismal, cross-species communication and in drug delivery is discussed.

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Effects of microwave on extracellular vesicles and microRNA in milk

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases

Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases

Biological Properties of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Physiological Functions in Infant

Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Inter-Organism, Cross-Species Communication and Drug Delivery

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