Effects of Mn doping and sintering condition on the microstructure, dielectric, and energy storage properties of Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 ceramics

Lead-free (Ba,Sr)TiO 3-based ceramics with superior tunable properties by the semi-solution method

“…In summary, La/Mn codoped BST ceramics were fabricated via a conventional solid-state reaction method and the semi-solution method. The semisolution method played an important role in (Pb,Sr)TiO 3 70 0.001 700 [13] Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 55 0.001 550 [14] Pb[(Mg,Nb)(Sc,Nb)]O 3 75 0.003 250 [54] Pb(Ni,Nb)O 3 -PbZrO 3 87 0.007 124 [64] Pure BST 45 0.0101 44 [19] Mg-doped BST 22 0.007 31 [65] La-doped BST 74 0.015 49 [26] Mn-doped BST 27 0.0045 60 [66] Fe-doped BST 20 0.003 67 [24] Co-doped BST 32 0.008 40 [67] Zn/Mg codoped BST 46.8 0.0073 64 [68] Mn/Y codoped BST 63.3 0.078 81 [69] La/Fe codoped BST 80.2 0.0038 211 [42] La/Mn co-doped BST 85.0 0.0011 773 This work the microstructures of the BST ceramics. Denser microstructures, more homogeneous grains, and more uniform dopant distributions could be obtained by the semi-solution method.…”

“…To achieve excellent tunable properties, extensive research on (Ba,Sr)TiO 3 has been carried out from the perspective of doping methods and improved fabrication processes [20−23]. On the one hand, the addition of acceptor dopants such as Mn 3+ , Cr 3+ , and Fe 3+ , which act as electron acceptors to absorb conduction electrongenerated conduction electrons during the sintering process, can significantly reduce the dielectric loss [24,25]. On the other hand, introducing the donor dopant La 3+ to replace Ba 2+ would facilitate the formation of cation vacancies owing to charge compensation, which could improve the domain-wall mobility and thereby enhance the dielectric constant and dielectric tunability [26,27].…”