Effects of n-3 fatty acids on growth, antioxidant status, and immunity of preweaned dairy calves

Abstract

This study aimed to estimate the influences of flax oil and a mixture of ethyl esters of fatty acids from flax oil added to a milk replacer (MR) formulation on the biochemical, immunological, and antioxidant status of blood, production parameters, and health of calves. Twenty-seven Holstein-Frisian calves were assigned to 3 groups: the control group without fat added to the diet (CON, n = 9), a group receiving ethyl esters of flax oil (10 g/d) with lyophilized apples (25 g; MRE), or a group receiving flax oil (10 g/d) with lyophilized apples (25 g; MRL). The study was conducted from d 14 to d 42 of life. Intake of MR and feed were recorded daily, and fecal scores, rectal temperature, and body weight were recorded weekly. Laboratory blood tests were conducted every 7 d from d 14 to 42. Supplementation with the formulation containing ethyl esters of flax oil (MRE) positively affected health, average daily weight gain, growth rate, and feed efficiency. Intake of the starter feed was lower in the calves receiving the formulation with flax oil (MRL). The MRE formulations lowered the concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL fraction in blood serum and decreased the total antioxidant capacity (TAS) and levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The MRL formulation increased TAS and GPx levels in blood serum. The MRE treatment limited the circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor. The MRE and MRL preparations lowered the concentration of SFA (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1) in blood serum, and MRE significantly increased levels of α-linolenic acid. The MRE and MRL preparations beneficially affected production and physiological parameters. Our data support the idea that supplementation with n-3 fatty acids improves calf growth and metabolic and oxidative functions in young calves.

Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium co-fermented feed alters antioxidant capacity, muscle fibre characteristics and lipid profiles of finishing pigs

“…Similarly, a recent study also reported that supplementing 8 % FF in finishing pig models increased the activities of SOD and glutathione peroxidase and decreased MDA content in serum, indicating an improved antioxidant capacity of both muscle and serum (14) . A recent study suggested that supplementation with n-3 fatty acids improved calf growth and antioxidant status (36) . In our previous study, we observed that microbial co-fermentation increased the content of PUFA and n-3 PUFA in feed ingredients (15) , which may be one of the reasons why FF increased the antioxidant capacity of finishing pigs.…”

Effect of ensiled tomato pomace on performance and antioxidant status in the peripartum dairy cow

“…Supplementation of 2.5 and 5% tomato powder to broiler diet decreased MDA concentration in the liver, while increased concentrations of catalase, lycopene, SOD and GSH-Px in quails reared under heat stress conditions. However, more recently it was observed that in Holstein-Friesian calves receiving flax oil (10 g/day) with lyophilized apples (25 g) as natural product, increased T-AOC and GSH-Px levels in blood serum were observed (Śpitalniak-Bajerska et al, 2020). Thus, the consumption of tomato products can not only influence the tissue status of these microconstituents in the body, but also may maintain the vitamins levels through their antioxidant properties (Tyssandier et al, 2004).…”

Effects of beer, wine, and baijiu consumption on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Potential implications of the flavor compounds in the alcoholic beverages

“…At least five of them have been reported to have beneficial effects. Fatty acid esters, such as ethyl linolenate and ethyl linoleate may have a regulatory property on cholesterol synthesis (119). Alpha-angelica lactone, an important ingredient of Chinese herbal Angelicae sinensis radix and Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, has been detected in Jiannanchun and Gujinggong.…”