Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate Under Straw Incorporation on Photosynthesis, Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat

Abstract

Developing a nitrogen fertilizer (N) reduction method under straw incorporation is essentially important for increasing wheat productivity in terms of improved fertilizer use efficiency and high yield in semiarid areas. A two-year field experiment, with five different nitrogen application rates: control (without N application, N0), low N (75 kg ha–1, N75), medium N (150 kg ha–1, N150), high N (225 kg ha–1, N225) and excessive N (300 kg ha–1, N300), was conducted in 2018 and 2019 to quantify their impacts on the photosynthetic characteristics, nitrogen utilization (in terms of N accumulation, distribution and transportation, and residual soil NO3–-N) and productivity of winter wheat. There was a significant impact of N rates on photosynthetic traits, and N accumulation in different organs. As compared with the N300, N150, and N225 improved the photosynthetic characteristics, increased N accumulation in grains by 5.55 and 10.97%, the N contribution proportion of that accumulated after anthesis by 67.90 and 115.56%, and reduced residual N by 62.50 and 46.48%, respectively, thereby effectively improved N absorption efficiency and N contribution rates. Grain yield remained slightly or unchanged among N treatments. Although N0 and N75 treatments reduced the nitrate-N leaching but caused a significant reduction of 18.13 and 28.37%, respectively, in grain yield. From these results, we conclude that N application at 150 and 225 kg⋅ha–1 under straw incorporation was the most effective fertilization method in achieving the higher photosynthetic characteristics, improving NUE and grain yield. This study provides theoretical and practical guidance for wheat production techniques.

Nitrogenous Fertilizer Coated With Zinc Improves the Productivity and Grain Quality of Rice Grown Under Anaerobic Conditions

“…Application of N normally resulted in an increased amount of Rubisco and leaf N concentration, as reported by Ookawa et al ( 2004 ). The findings of our experiment is in line with the outcomes of Wang et al ( 2022 ), where the application of nitrogenous fertilizers in integration with straw improved the photosynthetic activities and growth parameters in winter wheat. Larger concentrations of Rubisco in photosynthesis were moderately compensated by low Rubisco activation, which could explain why the N application rate may not increase photosynthesis at a significant level (Ray et al, 2003 ).…”

Impact of Plant Spacing and Nitrogen Rates on Growth Characteristics and Yield Attributes of Egyptian Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.)

“…Many physiologically active molecules in cotton are affected by nitrogen fertilization ( Huang et al, 2022 ; Javed et al, 2022 ). Chlorophyll, protein, enzymes, and phyto-hormones are just a few of the things that are affected by it ( Dordas, 2009 ; Wang et al, 2022 ). Thus, nitrogen impacts cotton’s physiological features, which further impact on growth and morphological characters, which determines the final yield and quality ( Dordas, 2009 ; Alitabar et al, 2012 ; Kumar et al, 2022 ).…”

Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Aerobic Rice Based on Insights Into the Ecophysiology of Archaeal and Bacterial Ammonia Oxidizers

“…For example, an increase of 100 mg/L in NH 4 + concentration did not produce any significant differences in AOB abundance, but AOA abundance was reduced ( Bellucci et al, 2011 ). In summary, synthetic N fertilizers and high availability of NH 4 + promptly encourage AOB community abundance and activities, whereas AOA activities, abundance, and their response to NH 4 + were not affected by high amendment of synthetic N fertilizers and availability of the NH 4 + substrate ( Wang et al, 2022 ). AOB communities dominantly contribute by their roles in nitrification pathways under nonlimiting NH 4 + whereas AOA dominate nitrification at low NH 4 + concentration in the soil.…”