Effects of ozone, hexachlorobenzene, and bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide on natural killer activity in the rat lung

Loveren, Henk Van; Krajnc, E.I.; Rombout, P.J.A.; Blommaert, F.A.; Vos, J.G.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(90)90080-e

Cited by 69 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Impaired IFN-γ production might favor infections. These data are in agreement with reports that oral exposure to HCB at concentrations of 150 and 450 mg/kg food for 6 weeks suppressed NK activity in rat lungs in a dose-related manner (56). Immunotoxic effects of HCB on the pathogenesis of systemic, pneumonic, and hepatic viral infections were described in the mouse (57).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Associations of blood levels of PCB, HCHS, and HCB with numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations, in vitro lymphocyte response, plasma cytokine levels, and immunoglobulin autoantibodies.

Daniel¹,

Huber²,

Bauer³

et al. 2001

Environ Health Perspect

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Pentachlorophenol (PCP), hexachlorocyclohexane-[alpha], -beta, and -[gamma] (HCH-[alpha], -beta, and -[gamma]), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) are widely distributed industrial chemicals. They are suspected to induce immunologic impairments in exposed individuals. We examined dose-response relationships of blood levels of these chemicals with cellular (numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations, in vitro lymphocyte response) or humoral (plasma cytokine levels, immunoglobulin autoantibodies) immunologic dysfunctions. We studied 146 patients who had been occupationally exposed primarily to PCBs for more than 6 months. Lymphocyte subpopulations, in vitro responses to mitogens and allogeneic stimulator cells, plasma neopterin, cytokines, soluble cytokine receptors, soluble adhesion molecules, anti-Ig autoantibodies, and liver transaminases were determined. Blood levels of the different compounds were strongly correlated with one another. There were only weak dose-response relationships between blood levels of PCBs with cellular immune parameters, and of HCHs and HCB with humoral immune parameters. An exception was the statistically significant negative association of HCB with interferon-[gamma] (IFN-[gamma]), indicating that HCB has a significant impact on Th1 lymphocytes. Patients with HCB blood levels above the mean of 1,109 ng/L more often had undetectable IFN-[gamma] blood levels than patients below the mean. Patients with increased PCB 138 (> 710 ng/L) had more frequently undetectable interleukin-4 blood levels than patients with PCB 138 below the mean, and patients with increased PCB 101 (> 31 ng/L) more often had low DR+ cell counts in the blood (< 190/microL) than patients with PCB 101 below the mean. To assess possible cumulative effects, we compared patients who had blood levels of all compounds below background with patients who had blood levels of all compounds above background. Patients with low or absent blood levels of the compounds studied had higher IFN-[gamma] plasma levels, providing some evidence for a cumulative effect of several weakly active compounds. In conclusion, exposure to PCBs, HCB, or HCHs is associated with weak immunologic abnormalities. These results contrast with those obtained in earlier studies of blood levels of PCP, which showed a strong dose-dependent relationship with immunologic impairments. Our data suggest that long-term exposure of patients to HCB suppresses IFN-[gamma] production.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Associations of blood levels of PCB, HCHS, and HCB with numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations, in vitro lymphocyte response, plasma cytokine levels, and immunoglobulin autoantibodies.

Daniel¹,

Huber²,

Bauer³

et al. 2001

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Thus, Vos et al (1984) reported that exposure of male SPF-derived Wistar rats to 80 ppm of TBTO in the diet suppressed NK cell activity and Whalen, Loganathan, and Kannan (1999) showed that in vitro exposure of human peripheral blood lymphocytes for 24 h to 50-200 nM L À1 TBT suppressed cytotoxic activity from 40 to more than 90%. The significant enhanced NK cell activity in juvenile males reported in the present study is in contrast to the previously reported reduction in NK cell activity in both in vivo and in vitro exposure schemes to TBT and TBTO (Ghoneum et al 1990;Smialowicz et al 1989;Van Loveren et al 1990;Whalen, Loganathan, and Kannan 1999). However, Tryphonas et al (2004) observed also that TBT enhanced the mean NK cell activity in male rats.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Toxicological effects of mouse diet contaminated with tributyltin on the immune and neurological systems of C57BL/6 mice

Fortier

Frouin

Cloutier

et al. 2010

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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Organotin compounds, widely used as antifouling agents, are known to bioaccumulate in the food chain. Among organotin compounds, tributyltin (TBT), a toxic and widespread contaminant, has become a serious factor in environmental pollution and is suspected of being immunotoxic in animals. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of 80 mg of TBT per kilogram of body weight (kg bw), provided in food, on the immune and neurological systems of C57Bl/6 mice. Data showed that TBT increased the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes in both adult and juvenile female and juvenile male mice, but that it decreased the proliferation of both T and B lymphocytes in adult male mice. The macrophages activity in female and male juvenile mice was higher than in adults of both sexes. The natural killer cytotoxic activity was also increased in juvenile and adult males and females compared to the control groups. In the brain, we observed the presence of TBT in the hippocampus, the striatum, the cortex, and the cerebellum in both the male and female groups. The highest levels were observed in the cortex of females and males, while the lowest levels were found in the cerebellum. TBT also induced an increase in the levels of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in the striatum, the hippocampus and in cortical structures but not in the cerebellum where the levels of TBT are lower. Our findings indicate that TBT modulated the immune and nervous systems causing endocrine and nervous perturbations.

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“…Furthermore, an analysis of BALT tissue in rats showed that exposures of 2 to 3 days actually enhanced DNA synthesis and the mitotic index, both of which gradually returned to control levels with continued exposures. These changes in proliferation in BALT tissue were not reflected by changes in BALT size, which was unaffected by 03 exposure (13 had a suppressive effect (17). The above-mentioned studies on the effects of 03 exposure on mitogen responses and NK cell activity used exposures to 03 in great excess of that found in ambient air.…”

Section: Environmental Health Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Ozone on Immune Function

Jakab¹,

Spannhake²,

Canning³

et al. 1995

Environmental Health Perspectives

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A review of the literature reveals that ozone (03) exposure can either suppress or enhance immune responsiveness. These disparate effects elicited by 0 exposure depend, in large part, on the experimental design used, the immune parameters examined as well as the animal species studied.Despite the apparent contradictions, a general pattern of response to 03 exposure can be recognized. Most studies indicate that continuous 03 exposure leads to an early (days 0-3) impairment of immune responsiveness followed, with continued exposures, by a form of adaptation to 03 that results in a re-establishment of the immune response. The effects of 03 exposure on the response to antigenic stimulation also depend on the time at which 03 exposure occurred. Whereas 03 exposure prior to immunization is without effect on the response to antigen, 03 exposure subsequent to immunization suppresses the response to antigen. Although most studies have focused on immune responses in the lung, numerous investigators have provided functional and anatomical evidence to support the hypothesis that 03 exposure can have profound effects on systemic immunity. -Environ Health Perspect 1 03(Suppl 2): 77-89 (1995)

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Effects of ozone, hexachlorobenzene, and bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide on natural killer activity in the rat lung

Cited by 69 publications

References 32 publications

Associations of blood levels of PCB, HCHS, and HCB with numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations, in vitro lymphocyte response, plasma cytokine levels, and immunoglobulin autoantibodies.

Associations of blood levels of PCB, HCHS, and HCB with numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations, in vitro lymphocyte response, plasma cytokine levels, and immunoglobulin autoantibodies.

Toxicological effects of mouse diet contaminated with tributyltin on the immune and neurological systems of C57BL/6 mice

The Effects of Ozone on Immune Function

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